As wisely said; greatness of heros lies in there character than anything else; and knowing period of his birth and rise; kind of character he possesed or his mother father and teachers along with his supporters helped him develop is what makes him a worshiped hero in Deccan plateau of India. And its not only him all greats be it Ashoka Krishnadevray Vikramditya to Chandragupta possesed/developed an ideal Character and hence despite of having 1000s of kings lived and ruled in India; very few of there likes are respected and worshiped today by all religions and castes.
During Shivajis long military career and his many campaigns his strong warrior code of ethics and deep seated and uncompromising spiritual values directed him to offer protection to houses of worship, non-combatants, women and children. He always showed respect, defended and offered protection to holy men and places of worship of all denominations and religions.
Shivaji was once offered as a war booty an extremely beautiful young lady, by an uninformed Maratha captain. She was the daughter-in-law of a defeated muslim Amir (local ruler) of Kalyan, Maharashtra. Shivaji was reported to have told the lady that her beauty was mesmerizing and that if his mother was as beautiful as her, he would have been beautiful as well. He told her to go back to her family in peace, unmolested and under his protection.
His behaviour, was noted by those around him, to be always of the highest moral caliber, which was not the norm in that period of Indian history. He clearly and unambiguously embodied the virtues and ideals of a true nobleman.
As a result of Shivaji's selfless service to his peoples and nation, his impeccable conduct, and his unparalleled courage and daring, he struck a deep chord with his followers and the citizenary. The high level of loyalty and respect he earned from his followers and subjects sets him apart from any other Indian king or chieftan in the post Islamic Indian history. Even today he is venerated in India and especially in the state of Maharashtra with awe and admiration and is viewed as a hero of epic proportions.
Securing India’s place in the global economy
GDP growth is soaring, and India’s economic reforms are bearing fruit. But there’s much left to do. Adil S. Zainulbhai
--> Since 1985 India has lifted more than 100 million people out of desperate poverty in urban centers and the hinterland alike
--> Private-sector nonagricultural employment has stagnated at below 9 million for the past 20 years, though the labor force now exceeds 400 million people
--> Special tourism zones with tax benefits could generate as many as 25 million jobs over the next five years
...................................................................................
India is moving quickly to capture its place on the world stage. Just 16 years after embarking on the path of economic reform, the country has freed itself from the slow growth that plagued it during the decades after independence; in the past fiscal year1 GDP growth reached a robust 9.4 percent. India’s best companies are targeting global markets, as Tata Steel’s $11 billion takeover of its Anglo-Dutch rival Corus shows, and the Indian consumer is attracting worldwide attention. But to sustain these advances, the country cannot rest. Its leaders must focus on building infrastructure and developing a thriving labor market.
The economic reforms that began in 1991 marked a turning point in India’s economic history. Under the program, the country successfully laid the foundation for robust economic growth by transforming itself from an agrarian, underdeveloped, and closed economy into an open and progressive one that encourages more foreign investment and draws more wealth from services and industry. Real GDP growth averaged 8.6 percent over the past four years, and the country’s economic planners expect it to grow by an average of 9 percent a year through 2012. India boasts companies with world-class capabilities in sectors such as automotive, information technology, manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals. Net capital inflows2 topped $46 billion in fiscal 2006–07, compared with only some $24 billion a year earlier.
Since 1985 India has lifted more than 100 million people out of desperate poverty in urban centers and the hinterland alike
Most important, the benefits of reform have reached a broad constituency. Since 1985 India has lifted more than 100 million people out of desperate poverty in urban centers and the hinterland alike, according to research by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI).3 India’s population grew by 352 million during this period, and 431 million fewer people live in desperate poverty today than would have if it had remained at the 1985 level. Looking forward, MGI estimates that if GDP grows by a modest 7.3 percent a year over the next two decades, the country’s poorest people will continue to gain ground, so that the deprived segment—those making less than 90,000 rupees annually, about a dollar per person a day—will drop from 54 percent of the population in 2005 to 22 percent by 2025.
Yet India can’t afford to rest on its laurels. Sustaining inclusive economic growth will require the country to focus on improving its infrastructure, both hard and soft, and on creating a thriving labor market. To accomplish these goals, a series of economic and social reforms will be needed.
The hard and soft infrastructure challenge
India’s need for a better infrastructure is evident. The inadequacy of the present hard infrastructure is manifested in the country’s poor and insufficient roads, its crippling electric-power deficit, the shortage of rail freight corridors, the poor ports, the bursting cities, and the overcrowded and stiflingly hot airports. As for the soft infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals, discouraging infant mortality rates and alarming levels of illiteracy are just two symptoms of its gross shortfalls. The hard and soft infrastructure alike must improve at an even faster pace than they are today.
Cement and steel
India’s hard infrastructure hasn’t kept pace with economic developments. From 1998 to 2005, annual investments in it averaged 4 percent of real GDP, compared with 8.2 percent in China, which invested early and heavily to build a world-class infrastructure that can attract foreign money and spur economic growth. In contrast, India’s infrastructure investments have taken off only recently, reaching about 4.7 percent of GDP, or $34 billion, in fiscal 2005–06. Current plans call for an additional $475 billion4 in infrastructure investments over the next five years, with a significant share privately funded.
The government should be applauded for its greater pragmatism about public-private partnerships and its willingness to take on ambitious efforts, such as Bharat Nirman (a rural-development program) and the privatization of the Mumbai and New Delhi airports. Infrastructure deficits in urban areas, roads, ports, and power are being addressed as well. Yet these measures, taken as a whole, hardly suffice.
To improve the infrastructure significantly on a nationwide scale, the government will also have to undertake systemic reforms. Immediate action is needed in a number of areas: land market barriers (unclear land titles and insufficient databases, for instance); inadequate long-term financial instruments to meet the equity and debt needs of large infrastructure projects; weak policies and regulations, stemming from coalition politics, that are subject to frequent change; and unrelenting red tape at the lower levels of central and state governments and other authorities.
Further, among other things, state governments must repeal the Urban Land Ceiling Act (which restricts the amount of land available for housing), resolve unclear land titles by creating fast-track courts, computerize land records, raise property taxes, and change the tenancy laws. To improve India’s crippling electric-power deficit and reverse its adverse impact on business, the government will have to secure payment guarantees for private power generators, establish a power exchange, and push for the partial or complete privatization of power distribution.
Minds and bodies
India is expected to become the world’s most populous country by 2035. It’s already the youngest: one-fifth of the world’s population under 24 years of age lives there. While this kind of population growth represents a huge opportunity, it also highlights the need to invest substantially in human-resources development, particularly in education and health care, and to create adequate employment opportunities.
Building the institutional ability to ensure the timely and equitable delivery of such services will be vital for equitable growth. What’s more, the huge and pressing demand for soft infrastructure can’t be addressed by the government, private enterprise, or the community acting alone. Only when all parties work together can these needs be satisfied.
Education. India has the world’s largest school-age population. If these children had access to a quality education, they could drive the innovation, productivity, and development needed to ensure India’s continued growth. Unfortunately, however, India’s educational attainment remains poor compared with that of other nations, including China: only 60 percent of Indians are literate, compared with 90 percent of Chinese. Reforms designed to improve literacy rates must begin at the elementary-school level. Experience around the world suggests that a good primary education in rural areas is critical. By and large, India’s state governments have failed to provide quality education to these students.
Another key issue plaguing India’s educational system is a dearth of qualified teachers, since research suggests that they are crucial for improving results. The country’s average student-teacher ratio is estimated at 37, potentially in line with the World Bank’s recommended norms. But more than a third of the children attend schools with significantly worse ratios, and more than half of the schoolteachers haven’t completed secondary school.
In higher education, India must increase the number of openings substantially and improve the quality of instruction. To stimulate private-sector investment in colleges and universities, the government might create pilot focused-education zones, where educational institutes could be set up with complete autonomy in admissions, fees, course offerings, faculty recruitment, and delivery and evaluation methodologies. The zones could be open to foreign universities and to for-profit entities that would offer regular degree courses, with the entry and exit of players determined by market forces.
India must produce more graduates with the skills needed for employment in the global economy. Lifting literacy rates will be vital to shift a growing populace from agriculture to high-value economic activity not only in high-tech services but also in manufacturing. Even in the former, where India is often thought to have abundant talent, our research suggests that there may be a shortfall of about 500,000 qualified candidates by 2010. Part of the solution for generating a greater volume of qualified jobseekers must be public-private partnerships that strengthen industrial-training institutes and more vocational programs tailored to the needs of various industries.
Health care. Altogether, India produces roughly 400 public-health professionals a year, about as many as a couple of public-health schools in the United States might. Yet two million to three million Indians are infected with HIV/AIDS—accounting for the world’s third-largest infected population. The country’s infant-mortality rate is more than twice that of China, which also boasts a substantially longer life expectancy. Clean water and sanitation remain out of reach for many people in India; the emergence of lifestyle diseases (such as obesity and diabetes) and the increased level of systemic health burdens are worrisome too. Yet public spending on health care is less than 1 percent of GDP. This situation must change quickly, and the central government plans to increase spending to 2 to 3 percent of GDP by 2012.
McKinsey research suggests that during the next ten years India will need more than 10,000 public-health professionals to supply preventive health services. These experts will also be needed to train 500,000 volunteers, whom the government intends to place in villages throughout India as part of the National Rural Health Mission, and to shape the response to myriad public-health policy issues through meaningful research and advocacy.
What’s more, to have a strong and healthy workforce, India must act urgently to increase the number and reach of its effective public-health services. The Public Health Foundation of India, a public-private partnership established to produce 10,000 qualified public-health workers over the next few years, is one effort to bridge the gap between the need for and the supply of skilled service providers.
Developing a thriving labor market
India’s huge and growing population—of somewhat more than a billion—could be considered one of the country’s biggest assets, representing an almost limitless labor supply and consumer demand. Yet this mass of people could become one of the greatest forces against reform if they can’t find jobs; in 2003, for instance, the labor force grew by 12 million, but employment in the organized private sector fell by 200,000. India absolutely must create a thriving labor market not only to shift workers from agriculture to higher-value-added activities but also to absorb a growing workforce and sustain social equilibrium.
A critical step would be the systematic deregulation of sectors such as retailing, defense, the news media, and banking, which remain crippled by archaic policies. With deregulation and the opening of markets, vital foreign direct investments of capital and skills could flow more readily into India, making its industry more effective. Coupled with low interest rates, such an influx of foreign capital would help sustain the economy’s buoyancy.
In addition, reforms are needed in the coal, power, and natural-resources industries to increase competitiveness, foster the creation of higher-value jobs, and support economic growth. Continued privatization of state-owned enterprises must also remain a focus for the government.
Private-sector nonagricultural employment has stagnated at below 9 million for the past 20 years, though the labor force now exceeds 400 million people
Beyond general deregulation and liberalization, India must repeal its complex and rigid labor laws, which discourage the creation of jobs by offering excessively stringent protections for people who work in the organized part of the economy. According to the World Bank, India’s level of private-sector nonagricultural employment has stagnated at below 9 million for the past 20 years, though the labor force expanded to more than 400 million people during that period. Removing the rigidities will allow India to harness the potential of its growing workforce. That is especially critical for the manufacturing sector and for creating opportunities in rural areas.
Augmenting manufacturing growth
India can no longer expect to outperform its competitors unless manufacturing grows substantially. Its high-tech industry has rightly won fame, and it can look forward to tens of thousands of new jobs emerging if, as expected, revenues from the business-process-outsourcing and IT industries triple by 2010, to at least $60 billion. However, these sectors will never provide the number of jobs needed for all of the tens of millions of Indians seeking opportunities.
If India were to leverage its inherent strengths in skill-intensive manufacturing, exports could surge to about $300 billion, creating 25 million to 30 million jobs by 2015. Emphasizing apparel, auto components, electrical and electronic products, and specialty chemicals could help “Made in India” to become the next big manufacturing-exports story. But achieving this goal will require action on a number of fronts.
The first step will be to ignite domestic demand, which would help attract multinational manufacturers and provide the scale needed to be globally competitive. To this end, the government should move rapidly to create a uniform general sales tax across all products and states. More important, the total taxes on manufactured goods should fall to 15 percent of retail prices (the current level in China) over the next three years. Our study of a variety of product categories in India and China shows that for every drop in prices of 25 percentage points, consumption increases three- to fivefold. Also, the government should reform indirect taxes such as excise duties levied by individual states and lower import duties to 10 percent to boost domestic demand and support manufacturing growth.
In addition, innovations such as special economic zones must remain under consideration, despite recent controversies about them. To accelerate manufacturing growth, these zones should have governance structures insulating them from political changes and pressures and offer simple administrative procedures, as well as a world-class infrastructure, physically attractive environments, and anchor tenants that plan to reach significant operating scale through substantial capital investment. These manufacturers should also have access to domestic markets using a dual-bookkeeping system similar to that in China, where products sold locally are subject to local taxes and duties on materials imported for their manufacture, while products exported are not.
Economic engines in rural India
To ensure that India’s economic growth reaches the whole country, the government must supplement the Bharat Nirman program with job creation plans in the farm and rural nonfarm sectors. Such initiatives, focusing on skills and assets already in place, could create 30 million to 40 million jobs in rural areas and increase rural incomes by 1 percent annually over the next five years. For such plans to succeed, India must launch a second Green Revolution,5 reform the food industry, and create a thriving service sector in rural areas.
A second Green Revolution should embrace three features. First, the country’s prime farmland should be expanded beyond the states of Haryana and Punjab, into Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. This prime area would focus on growing grains such as corn and barley. Some farms should be encouraged to replace grains with fruits and vegetables, as well as livestock; historically, demand for these higher-value products increases as economies develop and incomes rise. Finally, wastelands—vast tracts that have low water tables and infertile soil—should be cultivated with crops such as eucalyptus trees and jatropha, which have global markets and can be grown economically on relatively unproductive land.
Special tourism zones with tax benefits could generate as many as 25 million jobs over the next five years
Reforming the food industry is also important. Key measures include amending laws such as the Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act (which restricts the retailers’ access to produce), creating a legal framework for contract farming,6 and liberalizing the interstate movement of produce. Over time, the government should shift its role from market participant to facilitator. The systematic development of the food-processing industry is also necessary to make better use of India’s resources, since supply chain problems prevent large quantities of produce from ever getting to market.
Finally, creating a vibrant service economy in rural India by focusing on labor-intensive sectors such as tourism could be enormously beneficial. Special tourism zones with tax benefits—an arrangement similar to special economic zones for manufacturing but without any need for the large-scale acquisition of land—could generate as many as 25 million jobs over the next five years. These zones could attract an additional 20 million foreign tourists annually, as well as 400 million domestic ones. Retail banking, health care, and education are other service sectors that could grow significantly in rural India as incomes and aspirations continue to rise.
India is on the verge of one of economic history’s great achievements, which could lift hundreds of millions more of its people out of desperate poverty and create a huge and thriving middle class. But that won’t happen without a strong political commitment and concerted action from all stakeholders—the government, the private sector, and society at large.
--> Since 1985 India has lifted more than 100 million people out of desperate poverty in urban centers and the hinterland alike
--> Private-sector nonagricultural employment has stagnated at below 9 million for the past 20 years, though the labor force now exceeds 400 million people
--> Special tourism zones with tax benefits could generate as many as 25 million jobs over the next five years
...................................................................................
India is moving quickly to capture its place on the world stage. Just 16 years after embarking on the path of economic reform, the country has freed itself from the slow growth that plagued it during the decades after independence; in the past fiscal year1 GDP growth reached a robust 9.4 percent. India’s best companies are targeting global markets, as Tata Steel’s $11 billion takeover of its Anglo-Dutch rival Corus shows, and the Indian consumer is attracting worldwide attention. But to sustain these advances, the country cannot rest. Its leaders must focus on building infrastructure and developing a thriving labor market.
The economic reforms that began in 1991 marked a turning point in India’s economic history. Under the program, the country successfully laid the foundation for robust economic growth by transforming itself from an agrarian, underdeveloped, and closed economy into an open and progressive one that encourages more foreign investment and draws more wealth from services and industry. Real GDP growth averaged 8.6 percent over the past four years, and the country’s economic planners expect it to grow by an average of 9 percent a year through 2012. India boasts companies with world-class capabilities in sectors such as automotive, information technology, manufacturing, and pharmaceuticals. Net capital inflows2 topped $46 billion in fiscal 2006–07, compared with only some $24 billion a year earlier.
Since 1985 India has lifted more than 100 million people out of desperate poverty in urban centers and the hinterland alike
Most important, the benefits of reform have reached a broad constituency. Since 1985 India has lifted more than 100 million people out of desperate poverty in urban centers and the hinterland alike, according to research by the McKinsey Global Institute (MGI).3 India’s population grew by 352 million during this period, and 431 million fewer people live in desperate poverty today than would have if it had remained at the 1985 level. Looking forward, MGI estimates that if GDP grows by a modest 7.3 percent a year over the next two decades, the country’s poorest people will continue to gain ground, so that the deprived segment—those making less than 90,000 rupees annually, about a dollar per person a day—will drop from 54 percent of the population in 2005 to 22 percent by 2025.
Yet India can’t afford to rest on its laurels. Sustaining inclusive economic growth will require the country to focus on improving its infrastructure, both hard and soft, and on creating a thriving labor market. To accomplish these goals, a series of economic and social reforms will be needed.
The hard and soft infrastructure challenge
India’s need for a better infrastructure is evident. The inadequacy of the present hard infrastructure is manifested in the country’s poor and insufficient roads, its crippling electric-power deficit, the shortage of rail freight corridors, the poor ports, the bursting cities, and the overcrowded and stiflingly hot airports. As for the soft infrastructure, such as schools and hospitals, discouraging infant mortality rates and alarming levels of illiteracy are just two symptoms of its gross shortfalls. The hard and soft infrastructure alike must improve at an even faster pace than they are today.
Cement and steel
India’s hard infrastructure hasn’t kept pace with economic developments. From 1998 to 2005, annual investments in it averaged 4 percent of real GDP, compared with 8.2 percent in China, which invested early and heavily to build a world-class infrastructure that can attract foreign money and spur economic growth. In contrast, India’s infrastructure investments have taken off only recently, reaching about 4.7 percent of GDP, or $34 billion, in fiscal 2005–06. Current plans call for an additional $475 billion4 in infrastructure investments over the next five years, with a significant share privately funded.
The government should be applauded for its greater pragmatism about public-private partnerships and its willingness to take on ambitious efforts, such as Bharat Nirman (a rural-development program) and the privatization of the Mumbai and New Delhi airports. Infrastructure deficits in urban areas, roads, ports, and power are being addressed as well. Yet these measures, taken as a whole, hardly suffice.
To improve the infrastructure significantly on a nationwide scale, the government will also have to undertake systemic reforms. Immediate action is needed in a number of areas: land market barriers (unclear land titles and insufficient databases, for instance); inadequate long-term financial instruments to meet the equity and debt needs of large infrastructure projects; weak policies and regulations, stemming from coalition politics, that are subject to frequent change; and unrelenting red tape at the lower levels of central and state governments and other authorities.
Further, among other things, state governments must repeal the Urban Land Ceiling Act (which restricts the amount of land available for housing), resolve unclear land titles by creating fast-track courts, computerize land records, raise property taxes, and change the tenancy laws. To improve India’s crippling electric-power deficit and reverse its adverse impact on business, the government will have to secure payment guarantees for private power generators, establish a power exchange, and push for the partial or complete privatization of power distribution.
Minds and bodies
India is expected to become the world’s most populous country by 2035. It’s already the youngest: one-fifth of the world’s population under 24 years of age lives there. While this kind of population growth represents a huge opportunity, it also highlights the need to invest substantially in human-resources development, particularly in education and health care, and to create adequate employment opportunities.
Building the institutional ability to ensure the timely and equitable delivery of such services will be vital for equitable growth. What’s more, the huge and pressing demand for soft infrastructure can’t be addressed by the government, private enterprise, or the community acting alone. Only when all parties work together can these needs be satisfied.
Education. India has the world’s largest school-age population. If these children had access to a quality education, they could drive the innovation, productivity, and development needed to ensure India’s continued growth. Unfortunately, however, India’s educational attainment remains poor compared with that of other nations, including China: only 60 percent of Indians are literate, compared with 90 percent of Chinese. Reforms designed to improve literacy rates must begin at the elementary-school level. Experience around the world suggests that a good primary education in rural areas is critical. By and large, India’s state governments have failed to provide quality education to these students.
Another key issue plaguing India’s educational system is a dearth of qualified teachers, since research suggests that they are crucial for improving results. The country’s average student-teacher ratio is estimated at 37, potentially in line with the World Bank’s recommended norms. But more than a third of the children attend schools with significantly worse ratios, and more than half of the schoolteachers haven’t completed secondary school.
In higher education, India must increase the number of openings substantially and improve the quality of instruction. To stimulate private-sector investment in colleges and universities, the government might create pilot focused-education zones, where educational institutes could be set up with complete autonomy in admissions, fees, course offerings, faculty recruitment, and delivery and evaluation methodologies. The zones could be open to foreign universities and to for-profit entities that would offer regular degree courses, with the entry and exit of players determined by market forces.
India must produce more graduates with the skills needed for employment in the global economy. Lifting literacy rates will be vital to shift a growing populace from agriculture to high-value economic activity not only in high-tech services but also in manufacturing. Even in the former, where India is often thought to have abundant talent, our research suggests that there may be a shortfall of about 500,000 qualified candidates by 2010. Part of the solution for generating a greater volume of qualified jobseekers must be public-private partnerships that strengthen industrial-training institutes and more vocational programs tailored to the needs of various industries.
Health care. Altogether, India produces roughly 400 public-health professionals a year, about as many as a couple of public-health schools in the United States might. Yet two million to three million Indians are infected with HIV/AIDS—accounting for the world’s third-largest infected population. The country’s infant-mortality rate is more than twice that of China, which also boasts a substantially longer life expectancy. Clean water and sanitation remain out of reach for many people in India; the emergence of lifestyle diseases (such as obesity and diabetes) and the increased level of systemic health burdens are worrisome too. Yet public spending on health care is less than 1 percent of GDP. This situation must change quickly, and the central government plans to increase spending to 2 to 3 percent of GDP by 2012.
McKinsey research suggests that during the next ten years India will need more than 10,000 public-health professionals to supply preventive health services. These experts will also be needed to train 500,000 volunteers, whom the government intends to place in villages throughout India as part of the National Rural Health Mission, and to shape the response to myriad public-health policy issues through meaningful research and advocacy.
What’s more, to have a strong and healthy workforce, India must act urgently to increase the number and reach of its effective public-health services. The Public Health Foundation of India, a public-private partnership established to produce 10,000 qualified public-health workers over the next few years, is one effort to bridge the gap between the need for and the supply of skilled service providers.
Developing a thriving labor market
India’s huge and growing population—of somewhat more than a billion—could be considered one of the country’s biggest assets, representing an almost limitless labor supply and consumer demand. Yet this mass of people could become one of the greatest forces against reform if they can’t find jobs; in 2003, for instance, the labor force grew by 12 million, but employment in the organized private sector fell by 200,000. India absolutely must create a thriving labor market not only to shift workers from agriculture to higher-value-added activities but also to absorb a growing workforce and sustain social equilibrium.
A critical step would be the systematic deregulation of sectors such as retailing, defense, the news media, and banking, which remain crippled by archaic policies. With deregulation and the opening of markets, vital foreign direct investments of capital and skills could flow more readily into India, making its industry more effective. Coupled with low interest rates, such an influx of foreign capital would help sustain the economy’s buoyancy.
In addition, reforms are needed in the coal, power, and natural-resources industries to increase competitiveness, foster the creation of higher-value jobs, and support economic growth. Continued privatization of state-owned enterprises must also remain a focus for the government.
Private-sector nonagricultural employment has stagnated at below 9 million for the past 20 years, though the labor force now exceeds 400 million people
Beyond general deregulation and liberalization, India must repeal its complex and rigid labor laws, which discourage the creation of jobs by offering excessively stringent protections for people who work in the organized part of the economy. According to the World Bank, India’s level of private-sector nonagricultural employment has stagnated at below 9 million for the past 20 years, though the labor force expanded to more than 400 million people during that period. Removing the rigidities will allow India to harness the potential of its growing workforce. That is especially critical for the manufacturing sector and for creating opportunities in rural areas.
Augmenting manufacturing growth
India can no longer expect to outperform its competitors unless manufacturing grows substantially. Its high-tech industry has rightly won fame, and it can look forward to tens of thousands of new jobs emerging if, as expected, revenues from the business-process-outsourcing and IT industries triple by 2010, to at least $60 billion. However, these sectors will never provide the number of jobs needed for all of the tens of millions of Indians seeking opportunities.
If India were to leverage its inherent strengths in skill-intensive manufacturing, exports could surge to about $300 billion, creating 25 million to 30 million jobs by 2015. Emphasizing apparel, auto components, electrical and electronic products, and specialty chemicals could help “Made in India” to become the next big manufacturing-exports story. But achieving this goal will require action on a number of fronts.
The first step will be to ignite domestic demand, which would help attract multinational manufacturers and provide the scale needed to be globally competitive. To this end, the government should move rapidly to create a uniform general sales tax across all products and states. More important, the total taxes on manufactured goods should fall to 15 percent of retail prices (the current level in China) over the next three years. Our study of a variety of product categories in India and China shows that for every drop in prices of 25 percentage points, consumption increases three- to fivefold. Also, the government should reform indirect taxes such as excise duties levied by individual states and lower import duties to 10 percent to boost domestic demand and support manufacturing growth.
In addition, innovations such as special economic zones must remain under consideration, despite recent controversies about them. To accelerate manufacturing growth, these zones should have governance structures insulating them from political changes and pressures and offer simple administrative procedures, as well as a world-class infrastructure, physically attractive environments, and anchor tenants that plan to reach significant operating scale through substantial capital investment. These manufacturers should also have access to domestic markets using a dual-bookkeeping system similar to that in China, where products sold locally are subject to local taxes and duties on materials imported for their manufacture, while products exported are not.
Economic engines in rural India
To ensure that India’s economic growth reaches the whole country, the government must supplement the Bharat Nirman program with job creation plans in the farm and rural nonfarm sectors. Such initiatives, focusing on skills and assets already in place, could create 30 million to 40 million jobs in rural areas and increase rural incomes by 1 percent annually over the next five years. For such plans to succeed, India must launch a second Green Revolution,5 reform the food industry, and create a thriving service sector in rural areas.
A second Green Revolution should embrace three features. First, the country’s prime farmland should be expanded beyond the states of Haryana and Punjab, into Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. This prime area would focus on growing grains such as corn and barley. Some farms should be encouraged to replace grains with fruits and vegetables, as well as livestock; historically, demand for these higher-value products increases as economies develop and incomes rise. Finally, wastelands—vast tracts that have low water tables and infertile soil—should be cultivated with crops such as eucalyptus trees and jatropha, which have global markets and can be grown economically on relatively unproductive land.
Special tourism zones with tax benefits could generate as many as 25 million jobs over the next five years
Reforming the food industry is also important. Key measures include amending laws such as the Agriculture Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act (which restricts the retailers’ access to produce), creating a legal framework for contract farming,6 and liberalizing the interstate movement of produce. Over time, the government should shift its role from market participant to facilitator. The systematic development of the food-processing industry is also necessary to make better use of India’s resources, since supply chain problems prevent large quantities of produce from ever getting to market.
Finally, creating a vibrant service economy in rural India by focusing on labor-intensive sectors such as tourism could be enormously beneficial. Special tourism zones with tax benefits—an arrangement similar to special economic zones for manufacturing but without any need for the large-scale acquisition of land—could generate as many as 25 million jobs over the next five years. These zones could attract an additional 20 million foreign tourists annually, as well as 400 million domestic ones. Retail banking, health care, and education are other service sectors that could grow significantly in rural India as incomes and aspirations continue to rise.
India is on the verge of one of economic history’s great achievements, which could lift hundreds of millions more of its people out of desperate poverty and create a huge and thriving middle class. But that won’t happen without a strong political commitment and concerted action from all stakeholders—the government, the private sector, and society at large.
Can India become a global superpower?
Which issues concern you most about India's future? India has the world's second largest population and one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
But these are testing times for the country. Despite increased wealth and a burgeoning urban middle class, the vast majority of India's rural population remains illiterate and impoverished.
In the aftermath of last week's earthquake, India has offered assistance to Pakistan, which some hope could lead to closer relationships between the two countries.
What do you think of the government's response to the earthquake in South Asia? Is India's economic success sustainable? Will relations with Pakistan improve? Which issues concern you most about India's future?
This debate is now closed. Read a selection of your comments below.
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Ambika Soni, spokesperson for the All India Congress Committee answered your questions in a special edition of Talking Point.
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The following comments reflect the balance of opinion we have received so far:
Vijay Kurhade, India
Indian econmoy is doing fine fo some time and will continue to do so for some more time till infrastructure manages to bear burden of growth; when it collapses systems will collapse and then no one knows what will happen.
Blaming politicians or Corruption is not any solution; biggest Issue is Middle class of India does not vote and for some unbelivable reason they feel there voting or not will not make any difference.
Rich class will not care much as they are in a position to buy all of there needs and they will not care at all as with growing ecenomy there wealth will multiply in same proporton.
Poor class is biggest voterbase; and there needs have not changed much since independance; so they vote to those who promise them Food(let it be worst quality) Work(let it be petty jobs) and Shelter(let it be shanties); and there leaders/representatives manage to fulfill few of promises.
Middle class is the one who needs maximum facilities of good Infrastructure; there demands are no more Food Work and Linen; they have moved to Roads Water and uninterupted Power. Now since this majority class keeps away from Voting; no one in administration and power really worry and care for them as they are of not much use for politicians and system.
Now if and only if Middle Class starts voting; they can see leaders/representatives who understand there requirements and fulfill some of them every election.
Till that happens, do not expect pro development mind sets in Indian politics and administration.
Till then be prepared to see India as a underdeveloped and struggling nation, because in a Democracy people get Government what they Vote for.
Vijay Kurhade, India
Economic growth will force better governance, and better governance will feed more economic growth
SV, NYC, USA I came to the United States from India when I was three and a half. I've visited the country a few times since, and one thing I have noticed is how each and every time I go to India there is tangible economic improvement. It surprises me because the wealth generated is in spite of widespread political corruption, poor infrastructure, red tape at every level of business, sometimes militant labor unions, and inadequate social institutions. It gives an indication of the country's immense potential, and obviously it also presents the long journey to unleash that potential. I believe that as the economy continues to grow and the middle class broadens, the debate for more liberalization and better governance will grow. In effect, I hope economic growth will force better governance, and better governance will feed more economic growth.
SV, NYC, USA
Indian culture is centuries old and is bound-up in caste-oriented thinking. Until the caste system is destroyed (including changing people's last names which designate caste affiliation) there will be little opportunity and justice for the very poor. The "higher" castes will continue to prosper and the lower castes will continue to live in poverty. Percent increases in GDP and average income will reflect the progress of the well off, not the vast numbers of poor.
Michael, California, USA
I think the biggest problem which is holding India back is lack of social infrastructure. India today is a big emerging power in the Information Technology sector thanks to its limited educational system, which is not available to everybody. Still half of the population is unable to read or write. If India wants to really prosper in a healthy way it will have to find ways to distribute the benefits of development evenly in the society. Population can be capital but also a hindrance if not educated, healthy etc.
Rajesh, Ranchi
Corruption is the biggest problem in India. Huge amounts are spent on infrastructure and it will be a mess till there is some accountability. The average person is just trying to survive, they really don't care if the country becomes a superpower or not. My main worries during the day are how long will there be a power outage. How much will the cop extract from me. How many bumps on the road do I have to endure and will there be water in my house tonight. I pay taxes and I don't know where all the money goes, so don't talk of being a superpower. It's just a topic for people to discuss when they drive by me in their air conditioned cars.
Abhi, Pune, India
The superpower status for India is an unwanted title. With all its force and efforts, India still needs to do a lot to improve its rural infrastructure. In the field of education, India is surely a role model with its variety of institutions for studies in many subject fields to show the path for other developing countries.
C Sachidananda Narayanan, Tirunelveli, India
The development and growth pace of India is fast enough. But what we need to be changed is a bit of political structure and almost all the politicians. As I see we are lacking in the leaders from each provinces. We have good leaders on top like our president and prime minister, but what about the other politicians, parliament members and small party leaders? I think we need to have proper rules to be implemented by election commissions, like no mafia/crooks should be allowed. No individual with a single police case.
Parthiv Shah, Baroda, India
The people and communities at large feel that they don't have the ability to make a difference
Juzar Singh Sangha, Bedford It is essential for the general public at large to have faith in social law and government policies and agendas. I would like to see India prosper into a less class driven society whereby the countries wealth is more evenly distributed across its vast population. The people and communities at large feel that they don't have the ability to make a difference, without this cohesive approach I fear that India will not meet its wider objectives.
Juzar Singh Sangha, Bedford
The biggest issue is of poverty and infrastructure, these are the two basic problems which India is facing from the past few decades. When ever we want to represent India, we all give stress on IT, banking and the financial Sector, but I think there are lot more areas which still need our attention. It is true that right now India is the world's youngest nation, but we youngers do promise to ourselves to make India a developed country by 2020.
Vivek Bakshi, Khandwa, India
I don't think India is capable of becoming a super-power any time too soon. We have too many issues - population, corruption, diversity etc and I don't see any of them being taken care off even in the next 20yrs. So right now it's just a dream - but no harm in dreaming.
Silvanus, IL, USA
India has a long way to go when it comes to providing the basic necessities, especially basic education to children. There are over 40% villages in the country where the children are deprived of education. They are either forced to work with their parents, as more hands to work would mean more money to bring home; or there are just not enough schools providing primary education. If the foundation is weak, the collapse of the building is but eventual.
Amit , Jersey City, USA
No doubt India is a fast growing economy, but unless the growth brought forth by the booming industry is channelled towards the majority of the population in rural India, the growth will only serve to create an huge social and economic inequality among the poor and the rich.
B Senthil Priya, Singapore
The real problem of Indian economy is improper administration of the taxing system. Government and fiscal policy makers should be strict on people on who are evading taxes. Economic policy should concentrate more on social welfare.
Sibi Joseph, Manchester, UK
The biggest problem which India faces today is a growing need for infrastructure amidst its growing economy. Corruption and population outburst are two other major concerns. Unfortunately there is a perception in India that people can get away with doing just about anything. Everybody needs to understand that chances of making it to the club of developed nations is bleak with this much of corruption. It's time our political parties act responsibly.
Indraneel Chowhdury, Charlotte, USA/India
India cannot be a super power until the poor can afford food and clean water. A country which cannot handle common mans problem cannot become a super power nor for that matter can be called as a developing country.
Naga Shakelli, New York, USA
It's good to read so much opinion coming from Indians and non-Indians from all corners of the worlds. If recent growth in IT and services exports can create attention in Western superpowers (I am not including Japan here because they usually do not take note of any one not even China), then if India creates a niche exporting manufactured goods, India will definitely become a superpower. Indians (at the government and grassroots level)have to realize that this growth has to be accompanied by elimination of problems plaguing our country, such as illiteracy, poverty, lack of continuing education, healthcare guarantee, lack of equality of genders, HIV/AIDS prevention etc.
BB, CR, Iowa
India has to take more care of the village population who are still struggling to live properly
John Karondukadavil, India, Living in Poland, Jaslo India is the largest democracy but she needs to address the problem of literacy and primary health centres. Often India is pictured as very poor and backward. The reality is that she has natural resources which are not used properly because of corruption. India has to take more care of the village population who are still struggling to live properly.
John Karondukadavil, India, Living in Poland, Jaslo
India's recent development surge is only due to the development in the information technology sector. But for a country to become a superpower it should have a very strong foundation in all aspects which it lacks. One cannot see India as a superpower within 50 years and those who think it will become in 5 years are only dreaming.
Supradeep Narayana, New York, USA
Yes, these are testing times for India. There are numerous hurdles that it has to overcome. But from my perception there are two major things should take place. Basic education and abolishing bribery. These two influence the required factors like communication, infrastructure etc. At least people and political parties have realized the goals and growth. That's the reason the country is moving in a positive direction irrespective of political parties on the helm.
VR Jalli, Singapore
The number of issues concerning every Indian is humungous. We have poor sanitation and the quality of drinking water is bad. There is pollution and economic disparity is widespread and increasing. Literacy is pathetic in some of the northern states but improving handsomely in the southern states. Agriculture is monsoon dependent, which means more than 50% of the Indian population is monsoon dependent. Infrastructure is abysmal and the government is stumbling at every step. India might face the severest of hardships but an average Indian would still be smiling.
Sayeed, Bangalore, India
India currently has the potential to regain its place in history as an influential international economic power, but the question must be asked, "at what cost?" Before India can achieve the aforementioned status, it must improve the situation of those whose voices are not always heard: the poor, the women, and those people that rely on the natural environment for a living. As an American, I see my country's development, historically, as lacking the foresight to pace its development with the condition of its people. This time India can choose to copy the mistakes of the United States in its development, or it can learn from them to ensure that all of its citizens reap the benefits of development.
Rachel, Toledo, USA
India is on a major revolution, economic, social and global impact. While adapting to these dynamics, it is also important to get the basics improved such as infrastructure, hygiene, economic disparity, safety and law, population control which are far below global norms. Or else, the current improvements will fade out soon.
Paresh Shah, India, USA
The major issue for India would always be the amount of corruption. What makes it more dangerous is that it has long been accepted as part of daily life in India. Unfortunately, there is no easy solution for it. For that matter there seems to be no solution for it in distant future. Though its economic progress is encouraging, I am afraid it may someday lead to a large scale social unrest because of resultant divide between haves and have nots.. I also like to think one day we will be global power, who doesn't like to live in some sort of fantasy
Rajakumar Sankula, Ames, IA
My main concern is how India will construct a sustainable and distinct identity that reflects the country's great diversity. I hope India will follow its own road and not simply create a facade resembling Western modernity. Throughout history, India has managed to absorb foreign elements into its culture and express them in its own language; I hope it will not lose this fantastic ability.
Mats , Finland
India can become a superpower if she concentrates on the technology market niche
Devyani Prabhat, Jersey City, USA India can become a superpower if she concentrates on the technology market niche. She should focus on high quality education. If she takes part in the race to the bottom in labour and environment standards to cut costs she may not make it. The key is sustainable growth over a long period and not short term gains.
Devyani Prabhat, Jersey City, USA
Forget the superpower or superstar status. India is fast becoming an ecological disaster. Combine it with new found love for consumerism. I think we are fast losing our respect for our nature unlike our past generations. A simple thing like a walk on the road is sure to increase your toxic levels.
San, Hyderabad
I can see many comments from the people who believe that today's India is at the mercy of USA , UK and other countries since they outsourced the jobs to India. Can someone tell me who outsourced jobs to USA before it become the so called "superpower?" India has potential to become the superpower. It's a matter of time.
Butala, Saudi Arabia
All the above questions are moot, till there is implementation of the law, a comprehensive sense of justice and accountability for actions taken by government officials; which in turn fosters a belief in the law by the average citizen. Till then all these grandiose hopes India has are castles in the air
Cyrus S, Mumbai & Chicago
Everyone is talking about India becoming Super Power, growing economy and economic reforms. What about rural India? One can see the true pictures of India while travelling in the rural Indian villages - no suitable infrastructures, most of the people are illiterates, poverty stricken and deprived of basic needs. A small section of people who live in metropolitan cities are talking about India becoming Super Power and economic growth as usual hypocrisy and we Indians are being pretentious. Remember 72 % of population of India lives in rural areas; we Indians are unable to even manufacture a simple hand calculators.
Radhe Hinda, Arunachal Pradesh, India
The greatest problem in India is corruption and not population
Sunny, Kerala, India
I am concerned about India's future. The greatest problem in India is corruption and not population. The political field has become a real mafia. Political leaders, except a very few, think about accumulating wealth for themselves and their families. Bribing is a commonplace here and very little is being done to check it. When India glories in its "shining" it does not take into account the vast majority of the villagers who live in absolute misery. Indians need to go back to their profound religious traditions and get inspiration from the values which its religions teach.
Sunny, Kerala, India
It truly amazes me that not one opinion among the seventy or so comments mention the status of women in India and Indian women around the world. India still has an appalling status of women record, collectively only relatively better than women in the Middle East and Africa. If talented women, capable women, and women with amazing leadership abilities are not given fair opportunities and treated with more than superficial respect (in families and communities) then India cannot have power of any kind.
How to achieve real superpower? Educate all women, improve their health, remove their economic dependency on men, femininize social programs (so they are more inclusive and compassionate), eliminate their sole identity as wives and mothers, and get more women at the top. Simple and clear, a woman's way.
Meera, Iowa, USA
My greatest worry is that with the march towards a western style lifestyle and no proper waste disposal and management, the entire country is becoming a huge garbage dump. India's premier city Mumbai is already in many parts, one big dump site. Is this the India of the future? There are many fundamental issues to be resolved first. Population control, water and waste management, health care for all etc. are some of the very important issues facing the government and the people. However, populist policies means that these are being glossed over and ignored.
Padma Rao, Antwerp, Belgium
Our politicians are corrupt from top to bottom. They are semi literate and lack a vision. Most of the common people remain poor and are denied almost everything in life. Add to this - communal tension. Even the most educated and qualified people do not seem to break out of the communal/caste based prejudice. There are far too many things that can derail things...
Muddassar Sayed, Pune, India
Of course India have all potentials to become a global power. But the system in the political level in India is not favourable for the nation to become a superpower until unless our politicians are ready to wipe out the poverty of large section of people. As long as the richer become more richest and poorer become poorest, how can this ambition of super power come true
Saji, Calicut/India
The question that faces India today is not how to become a superpower in the earlier sense of the world, but to be a responsible power. The term superpower is probably irrelevant in the modern world where there is less threat from global power blocs, such as the Nato and non-Nato alliances. India has the potential to be a great responsible power, but it really needs to weed out corruption and take all layers of society to prosperity. Indians are a lot more mature and pragmatic than their counterparts in some western 'developed' countries and capable of being a force for good in the world.
Robin Bhowmik, Reading, UK
Being an economic power makes a country a global power. But Indians should keep one thing in mind, and that is that India has to compete with China and from the looks of it now China is deemed to be the winner. But India can move ahead. It has to develop its infrastructure and create an efficient and transparent administration. Communal distrust should be eliminated and so should be right wing parties which encourage it. If these problems can be taken into account and solved then India can definitely join the global power elite.
Umran, Dhaka, Bangladesh
India should not follow Western materialistic culture blindly
Digvijay SmabYal, New Zealand
India should not follow Western Materialistic culture blindly. India should create its own identity in the world and should preserve its own traditional peaceful, non violence spiritual culture. India has vast Vedic knowledge to offer to whole humanity.
Digvijay SmabYal, New Zealand
By offering assistance to the quake affected people of Pakistan, India has definitely made another benevolent gesture towards improving strained relations. However, India seems to have ignored the plight of its citizens in Kashmir who were equally hard hit. Why the double standards?
Kashyap Mothali, India
The population of India has reached a staggering level. It depletes her resources and many of its citizens lack basic needs. It is relevant to say that many of the present ills can be reduced by providing primary education till grade twelve. While India is meeting this objective to some extent it is not enough. A more comprehensive policy with more resources needs to be put in place so every citizen has easy access to an education till grade 12. An educated class at all levels, not confined to the college level only, will help to cure a multitude of social, economic and religious problems. And last but not least, will bring dignity to the common man.
Vibha Dhingra, Winchester, Ma USA
Question for Ms Ambika Soni: Most important issue: Disaster management. Does India have a disaster management team in place that will be well co-ordinated and effective in managing any kind of disaster in any remote village or city - unlike what has happened in Pakistan after the earthquake?
Saha, California, USA
Ms Soni, Is Congress, the Party that introduced economic reforms, going to learn from all the violence that free markets have unleashed on the poor farmers and tribals of India? What does your government plan to do to address the problems of agrarian crisis that has gripped almost the entire country?
Prakash Kashwan, Bloomington, USA
Definitely India will become world's super power
Nagesh Karumanchi, Andhra Pradesh, India
Definitely India will become world's super power. There'll not be any doubt about it, in any aspect. Now India is in the position to help the neighbouring countries. To maintain this pace the Indian politics should invite the young generation and they should work together to remove the corruption which is stopping the real development in India.
Nagesh Karumanchi, Andhra Pradesh, India
It is obvious that the root cause of most of India's problems is population overgrowth. I wonder whether the politicians can realise this fact or not. My straight question is: What are the practical measures the present government has taken to tackle this problem?
Dr. Achyut Kumar, Melbourne
India is emerging as global role model for democracy, education, and knowledge based industry. The only threat to India's march ahead is communal tension between Hindus and Muslims and HIV. These problems need to be tackled properly.
Sandip Aralkar, Pune India
A country's economic growth depends on three major factors. 1) Clean running water, stable electricity supply and good transport system including quality roads and highways. My country lacks all three. Above all corruption should be uprooted from every government department. India got almost all the natural resources, work force, talents. Yet we are one of the poor countries in the world.
Abdul Wahid, Kayalpatnam - India.
India's response to the earthquake has been swift and the offer to coordinate rescue missions with Pakistan is praiseworthy. This may help to diffuse age-old tensions over Kashmir. Her astounding economic successes, especially in the high-tech sector, the film industry, textiles and garment sectors, with the growing presence of foreign businesses explain why India is the second fastest-growing economy in Asia after China. These economic successes are sustainable provided the fruits of all the economic success have meaningful impact on the country's poor and down-trodden.
Pancha Chandra, Brussels; Belgium
Last week's earthquake may change some calculations as far as Kashmir issue is concerned. Hindus were helping Muslims and vice versa. When there is a great harmony between all religions and castes, corruption is at minimal level, unemployment rate is less than 3%, and foreign policy is perfect then India can dream to become a superpower.
Subhash Janardhan Bhore, India/Malaysia
Travelling in India is going to be a nightmare. In road, rail or air. The infrastructre is not enough to support the need. So this is big problem and what is the plan for goverment in this regard?
George , Indian, living in Middle East
India must counter its skills and wage crisis
Pallavi, Sydney, Australia
Although there has been an enormous rise in the educated middle class in India, the number of jobs available to support them is comparatively fewer. This is leading to the brightest of minds leaving India to pursue higher incomes and better lifestyles. As a young Indian brought up in Australia, I have many friends and family who have jobs in many of the top companies in India. However, they are leaving the country for higher wages and better living conditions in Europe, America etc. India must counter its skills and wage crisis before even attempting to take on the role of a superpower
Pallavi, Sydney, Australia
India and Pakistan will continue to posture against one another for their own domestic political reasons, including distracting from endemic poverty and class-based cultures second to none. Atomic bombs and missiles would suggest less than rational governments which appear to have learned nothing from watching the Cold War play out. They should focus on improving the lot of their respective populations by building schools, hospitals, and expanding opportunities for all. The money they currently spend on bombs and missiles should be spend on productive schemes.
Michael, California, USA
I am not sure I'd wish the title "world superpower" on any nation. With that title comes responsibility within one's country and without for the greater good of all peoples.
Penny, USA
Hopefully India will lead the world towards a more humane and tolerant future
Nilesh, Antwerp, Belgium
With the sheer size of the population and the growth it is generating at all levels, there is no doubt that India will eventually be a power to contend with. Its population is also going to remain younger compared to China - where due to one child policy, the aged will dominate the populace after 20 years. So, the burgeoning economy will have a forward momentum in future as well, and certainly would make India a key player on the global stage. While China has used its power to bully and generally disregard world opinion on many humanitarian issues, hopefully India will lead the world towards a more humane and tolerant future.
Nilesh, Antwerp, Belgium
I don't believe that India will become a superpower, however China and the EU are different stories. Both will become superpowers.
Rui M Silva, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
One constant assumption here of comments from most of the people who are not from India is that Indian economic growth is due to "wage difference / outsourcing " - maybe it'll help if they are told that it counts for about $10 billion in the Indian economy of $700 billion
Sundar, USA
India has a lot of room to grow, and will. India's problem however is that it is simply too overpopulated and too many people are dedicated to food production. Agriculture doesn't earn much revenue and prevents people from getting a higher education. Also, India suffers from emigration of the middle class. Anyone who is educated, has the potential to earn money, and contribute tax revenue leaves because they can earn more elsewhere. Indian wages need to increase before they start holding onto their skilled workers and can start importing grain from poorer countries.
Drew, Philadelphia, USA
As an Indian living in India, I feel all this talk about India being a superpower is part hype and part reality. We have a long, long way to go, just to become a power. The problem of corruption, poverty and pathetic infrastructure persists. All successive governments have failed to tackle these issues. Having lived in India all my life I do find a change in the people's mindset, being more positive and confident about the future
Dinesh Nair, Mumbai, India
Increase the prosperity across all segments of population
Vaman, Frederick, MD
As an Indian born American Citizen, I am quite impressed at so many positive feelings about India. The issue is not to become a superpower, but is to increase the prosperity across all segments of population. This is where India needs to concentrate and not worry too much about a super power status.
Vaman, Frederick, MD
Since when was a superpower constructed from call centres? As the standard of living, and hence the wages of Indian people rise, the jobs will move on to other cheaper countries.
Chris, Telford, UK
Most definitely, it is a democratic nation with over 900 million people, there's nothing stopping it. When the economy gets to a size rather like Germany or Britain, and its people start to earn more money, the Indian Treasury will rake in the money which will of course make the country a huge player and may very well overtake the USA. The Europeans MUST get their act together.
Joshua, Farnham, Surrey
India will become a superpower. They have the economy, the labour and resources to be one of the truly great nations of the world. But they should thank the British people for their potential. England gave them democracy, justice and a will to succeed, just as they did for so many countries around the world. My own included.
Bruce, Blackwell, Ok, USA
India needs to take strong and clear cut decisions to emerge as a global player
Nivedita Nadkarni, Madison, USA
It takes more than potential to emerge as a superpower and that is the proper tapping of the potential. One question for Ambika Soni: How can India make any progress, when all of our international policy seems to be centred around pleasing the US? This is with reference to the anti-Iran vote. The Americans got the Indians to do what they want, but will the Americans even "try" to consider India's concerns? India needs to take strong and clear cut decisions to emerge as a global player, not behave like an American subsidiary, which seems to be the Congress policy at the moment.
Nivedita Nadkarni, Madison, USA
The thought behind this question is very western. India should not chase the so called "super-Power" status. We have seen in recent past being superpower does not guarantee happiness/fulfilment of the populace. India by the western definition is a developing country, still it has one of the best education through put in the world. Most people have easy access to affordable healthcare (Remember 50% of Indian population is twice the size of USA in numbers). India has been lowering poverty rate since independence, where our resources of about 15 trillion were taken away. I think as the new generations emerge in India and Pakistan, issues will become irrelevant
CR, USA
India's current success is not just because of outsourcing. I agree that outsourcing has been the catalyst for this growth. India excels in other fields also such as pharmacy, agriculture, industrial and scientific research. India should proceed and improve its defence research. Defence field is not only just for developing missiles and fighter planes, it also provides technology for other fields such as medicine, electronics, agriculture, eg, USA and Israel. As far as the caste system, it will slowly fade away with more and more inter-caste marriages as they are happening right now. If the arrogance is synonym for superpower then I don't India to be superpower. There is a lot of work to be done to reduce economic imbalances. And finally, to our neighbours, you don't respect India because you don't want to.
Sreedhar Nandam, India
India is a country gaining economic ground in the world
Justin, Bristol, UK
You only have to look at the number of British jobs that are sent to India to see that India is a country gaining economic ground in the world. Poverty means nothing. Russia has many impoverished people and Russia was a superpower. One in six people in the world live in India. India is already a nuclear power. India is an emerging superpower and it would be naive to think otherwise.
Justin, Bristol, UK
India needs to clean up its home first. It has potential to become superpower. It will become only if it tries to give up the caste system that is becoming a block. In the process of India becoming superpower, the rich will get richer and poor will become poorer. It will also crumble under pressure of its own population after some time and it will have severe problem of old people after the next generation.
Ajit Nadgouda, Mumbai, India
India has to make a complete break from its socialist and its purported non-aligned past to become a superpower. Investment in Space technology, nanotechnology and the military is just as important as spending on the poor.
V Narayan, Sweden
India as a whole could not cope with such an economic responsibility. They need to sort out the corruption first then form a hierarchy that is strong enough to compete with the other superpowers such as the USA, and Europe. What remains to be seen is how economically India will benefit from assisting Pakistan.
Preeti R Gour, Czech Republic
Considering the ever-widening disparity of current socio-economic levels in the country, India achieving a superpower status is a pipe dream and more importantly of the least concern. Let not this waver our focus on more pressing matters.
Kashyap Mothali, Hyderabad, India
India already is a key player on the world stage. That said their economic power and productivity are limited by overpopulation and stressed physical resources. For that reason, for the foreseeable future only a small/limited percentage of India's population will be able to enjoy a decent standard of living. The current Indian service boom based on cheap labour is not sustainable without a cash cow - just look at the dot com bust to see what happens when the cash cow runs out.
Matt, Bellevue, WA, USA
Indian growth is slow and steady and will continue due to its huge and still emerging market (hopefully it will not be export-import based). As an NRI visiting India every year; the implications of a 6/7% growth were more apparent. I actually saw the 'before' and 'after' for 6 years till returned. Indian economic growth is perhaps the most sustainable, for the current growth is with all its problems, we can only imagine what would happen as the problems are resolved. India's economy is evolving which is irreversible, growth can be lost.
Ketan Khare, Mumbai, India
Indians now have to develop a sense of national pride
Leila, USA
I spent this last summer in India and have been visiting the country, specifically Bangalore (major city for outsourcing) since I was a child. It is clear the increase in money that has come to India, and although it may take time the trickle down effect seems to be working. The cities are looking better, the people are richer. However, Indians now have to develop a sense of national pride and come together to bring their fellow citizens up, they need to break the caste system and instead of suppressing their neighbours they need to help them. Until then India can never be a true super power.
Leila, USA
India's growth is reliant on the continued outsourcing of jobs from the west, simply to save money. As Indians progressively get richer, prices rise, giving way to inflation, and as such wage demands will also increase. The key factor will be how long the firms will hold this out before exporting these jobs again.
Darryl LeCount, Paderborn, Germany
The growth of India like China is directly tied to the United States policy of allowing the free transfer of technology and outsourcing of service and manufacturing. It is in America's and the world's interest to see China and India as free, prosperous, and stable nations but they should beware of becoming smug and confrontational. A rupture of say China with the US resulting in a cut-off of all economic relations would quickly send it reeling back into economic oblivion.
Mark, USA
India that will become a reservoir of knowledge and innovation in the near future
C Sachidananda Narayanan, Tirunelveli, India
Indians rule the roost in the fields of science and technology - particularly in the subject field of Information Technology, space science and microbiology. A new trend in Geological Informatics is catching up now among young people in India. It is for sure that India that will become a reservoir of knowledge and innovation in the near future.
C Sachidananda Narayanan, Tirunelveli, India
Why would any country want to be a superpower? That's not the same thing as a prosperous, innovative and successful country. If India or China or Europe want to be superpowers, they can have it. It's a curse.
Shawn, Washington, DC, USA
India will eventually become a major power simply because they have begun to place a far greater emphasis on education. As they develop, their infrastructure will be the latest but in country where prices will still be low and very competitive. The route to being a successful superpower is not by armed might but by education and a broad knowledge of the views of the rest of the World.
Keith, Rayeligh England
What many people forget is that for much of world history, India and China were the economic/civilizational superpowers of the world. First European colonisation and greed, and then decades of government. mismanagement and corruption have hampered growth. India still has a long way to go, but she has all the potential, including redefining what a superpower is. And the number of people who live in abject poverty in India has fallen to around 350 million. While the naysayers shake their heads, India will plod on in her own way.
K. Srinivasan, Boston, MA
Europe got united after World War II. India and Pakistan should get united after this earthquake disaster. If they are united, all the money spent on defence can be spent for good causes. When this happens, "United India" will be a superpower.
Siva Kumar Narayanasamy, London, UK/Madurai, India
India already is a superpower, both in economic terms and in geo-political terms. That it has lots of poor people is irrelevant.
Mark, London, UK
Any country, outside of the Euro-zone, has the potential of becoming a superpower.
Michael, USA
Once India takes care of its poor and educates the illiterate then it could emerge as a superpower
David Totten, Denny, Scotland
If it does it will be at a cost. Expect pollution, corruption and exploitation of the poor in the race for riches. India won't be any different, than say the UK in the 19th Century.
Martyn Howie, Aberdeen
India has a greedy upper class and the poor will remain poor and the rich will remain rich. Unless and until they don't get rid of bureaucracy they can never become a super power. Its ties with Pakistan will also be short lived, someone just has to mention Kashmir again.
Samien, England
India will never be a superpower, much less a global power
Jonathan, Boston, USA
Not with 800 million people living in abject poverty it won't. It could build a thousand nuclear weapons and pass China up in terms of production of goods. Until the vast majority of its people could be considered "middle class", India will never be a superpower, much less a global power.
Jonathan, Boston, USA
Maybe when it starts spending money on its poor instead of nuclear weapons, space research and other weapons. If it has the money to do this, then it has money to help its poor! I for one will never donate to such countries.
Bruce Fox, Bournemouth, Dorset
India already became a superpower when it developed nuclear missiles.
Sung, London
It's impossible to see how India will not become a superpower. Sooner or later the economic oppression of a country with India's population will have to succeed. Now that the colonial oppressors have been consigned to history it's only a matter of time till the replacement of colonialism (economic oppression) will fail also. China is already well on the way to doing it and India can only follow. Europe, the US and their followers will be backwaters in time to come.
Len, Mandurah, Australia
No. How long before China begins to undercut jobs that have moved from the West to India? Give it two to three years and when calling our banks, we will be speaking to someone in Beijing not Bombay.
Nick, UK
India has had a sharp increase in the estimated number of HIV infections
Sezai, Eskisehir, Turkey
India has had a sharp increase in the estimated number of HIV infections, from a few thousand in the early 1990s to around 5.1 million children and adults living with HIV/AIDS in 2003 and more than 6 million today. If the number of people living with HIV/AIDS increases this fast, the social security system and the economy of India will be affected negatively.
Sezai, Eskisehir, Turkey
India has to be respected by its neighbours to become a superpower. It does not have a peaceful relationship with any of its neighbours. Can India be a responsible nation that is deemed worthy of superpower status? I think it has a way to go yet.
Anwar Khan, Toronto, Canada
The most important factor which is enabling India to achieve such growth is cost. Because wages are a lot lower than other European counties the Indian outsourcing companies can offer the equivalent service a lot cheaper. This will change once the people working for the outsourcing companies start to demand more of the new found wealth coming into the country. All labour starts out cheap but always becomes more costly.
John Fitzgerald, Boston, England
India is well poised to become a world superpower. It is ironical that the huge population that was once considered to be India's biggest liability is now rapidly transforming itself to become India's biggest asset. The fact that India has a young population is a huge bonus. The huge pool of English speaking graduates can further spur the economy. Of course the twin evils of corruption and inequality have to be eliminated before India can take its rightful place in the world.
Sarat Menon, Belgium/India
Indians are doing well in their own country and across the world
Suken Mehta, Mumbai, India
India has the capacity to become a world superpower. Indians are doing well in their own country and across the world. The only thing to come in the way is the politicians. If only they would have concern themselves with political issues - then there is nothing stopping us. India can show the other countries of the world many things and would be a different kind of superpower than the world has seen.
Suken Mehta, Mumbai, India
Successful outsourcing in India is built on the fact that the English language is common to the whole continent. This is not the case in other competing/developing nations like China. Superpower status is just a matter of time provided the problem of infrastructure and corruption is addressed. This is where the challenge really lies.
Rajen Morjaria, Kidgrove, UK
I think India has the potential and surely the opportunities to become a world superpower but what we lack is the attitude and not enough effort to get the masses out of poverty. The booming economy benefits the middle class and the rich. What about 80% of the country that is poor? A superpower should be able to provide economic freedom for all.
Divya Raman, Iowa city, USA
Two third of Indian population live in villages. Unless these villagers are brought above poverty line, offered a decent life, superpower status should not be even discussed.
Om Choudhary, Letchworth, England
India's economic success is built on the sacrifices of previous generations
Shekhar Scindia, Edison, NJ, USA
India's economic success is built on the sacrifices of previous generations, not just economic liberalisation. Even before the economy opened up these generations were quietly laying the foundations for India's future.
Shekhar Scindia, Edison, NJ, USA
I can see India growing to become one of the world's superpowers. A closed economy gave way to liberalisation in the 90's and since then, India has registered a growth rate exceeding 8% every year. In the next 5 years, India is investing heavily in basic infrastructure like energy, roads and railways. A fiercely competitive education system continues to churn out graduates in is millions every year, who can take on the demands of a changing world - be it in service sector or manufacturing. There are many issues which need addressing and some of these will get automatically corrected with better growth rates.
Anil, Herts, UK
India definitely has the potential to become a global superpower within this century. A huge pool of skilled English speaking graduates are key to the required and sustainable growth rates needed. Yet at the same time, the Indian government should pay heed to its critics who point out that social spending, especially in the areas of health and education, as well as the rooting out of corruption and encouraging civic duty are the key platforms behind any real change.
Saj Chakkalakal, UK/India
A good economy and industrial growth, yes, but superpower is asking for too much. With prevalent caste system, complete disconnection between urban and rural lives, pathetic infrastructure, rampant corruption - it's difficult to foresee India as a superpower in the next 50 years. India's focus should be to spread the riches across the nation and among the impoverished rather than eyeing the superpower tag. That means less spending on missiles and defence and more on basic needs of people.
Deep, Calcutta, India
The Indian government needs to address some major issues
Anuj Goel, New York, USA
In order to achieve sustainable economic growth, the Indian government needs to address some major issues. Investment in infrastructure, a consistent and accommodative foreign investment policy, well regulated capital markets, overhaul of the judiciary, reduced inefficiencies in government organisations, and above all, political stability.
Anuj Goel, New York, USA
India SHOULD become a world superpower soon. However, that is not enough, we must adhere to the basic requirements of the hundreds of millions of people both in rural and urban India. Even now, the infrastructure in the capital cities of several states in appalling. I think the Mumbai floods should be a wakeup call for all India.
Akshay Misra, Newcastle, UK/ Dubai, UAE
Just because multinational corporations are flocking to India mainly because of cheap labour does not mean the country will become a superpower. Anyone who visits India can see the overpopulation, extreme poverty, Third World facilities and too many social issues going on. India has a long way to go to catch up with the 21st century and I can't see this happening in our lifetimes, whatever economic analysts may say.
Richard, London, UK
Indians seem to me to be an innovative and industrious people. I am an IT worker and have certainly seen the impact that India has made in this sector (not all of it welcome from my point of view, I have to say!). I am certain that India will attain even greater influence in the global economy that it has now, but I suspect that the gap between the 'haves' and 'have nots' in India will widen rather than diminish.
Rob Lovett, Swindon, Wiltshire
India has a serious problem with the spread of AIDS
Nicola, Scotland
India has a serious problem with the spread of AIDS, which at the moment is crippling Africa's economy. Facing this should be a priority or it will destroy any chances future generations have to prosper to become a global player.
Nicola, Scotland
India is an extremely large country with a huge population, Its education standards vary from illiterate to rocket scientists and brain surgeons. Its personal wealth varies from absolute poverty to incredibly rich. It has a huge agricultural base and a solid, growing industrial and electronics industry. Sound familiar? Just look at the US.
Michael, Lincoln, England
India's economic progress in recent years has been remarkable, but patchy. Progression from this early phase of development will require very substantial investment in national infrastructure. Without this, the path to growth and prosperity will be choked off and the benefits will never filter down to the bulk of the population. If India is to invest in its own infrastructure, then that same burgeoning middle class will have to pay its taxes. Tax collection is pitifully low and evasion the normal state of affairs. India's growth will ultimately depend on its ability to foster a sense of civic responsibility.
David, UK (frequently in India)
The definition of a superpower is open to debate. As India grows, she must bring with her a rising tide that will lift the poor from their misery. That in essence, is a real superpower.
Karthik Dinakar, Bangalore
While India's economic growth is encouraging, its sustainability is doubtful
Sigismond Wilson, Sierra Leonean in Michigan, USA
India's economic growth is mainly the result of "outsourcing" of hi-tech, telecommunications and other services from the West, particularly the US. This is mainly due to the availability of professional technical skills at cheaper cost. While India's economic growth is encouraging, its sustainability is doubtful as the growth of hi-tech industries in other developing countries (especially China) could, over time, serve as a major destination of "outsourcing" which could have a negative effect on India's economy.
Sigismond Wilson, Sierra Leonean in Michigan, USA
If India can overcome the strict caste system and allow "common" people to advance in leadership positions, then we can become a superpower. The elitists think a poor person cannot overcome his situation to run companies or take up government positions. I have lived in the US for 10 years now and see why the US is such a superpower. Everyone is in a position to advance, not because they were born wealthy, but because they are (usually) the best person for the job. There is a very powerful culture of entrepreneurship in the US that India can learn from.
Japjit, San Francisco, California
An increasing number of multi-national corporations are flocking to India to tap into the one-billion strong consumer market, and to take advantage of a very well educated middle class that costs a fraction of educated workforces in other countries. With the resulting inflow of foreign capital combined with expanding domestic corporate and consumer credit markets, India is well on the path to robust economic growth over the next decade. The biggest challenge to India's global economic prominence is undoubtedly the Indian government. In order to truly harness existing and future opportunities, the government needs to address some major issues - investment in infrastructure, a consistent and accommodative foreign investment policy, reduced inefficiencies in government organizations, and above all, political stability.
Anuj Goel, New York, USA
While India's economy is indeed becoming stronger the sad fact remains that a vast majority of the population (especially those at the lower end of the caste system) still live in extreme poverty.
Satish Patel Gujaarati, Indian, but living in UK
But these are testing times for the country. Despite increased wealth and a burgeoning urban middle class, the vast majority of India's rural population remains illiterate and impoverished.
In the aftermath of last week's earthquake, India has offered assistance to Pakistan, which some hope could lead to closer relationships between the two countries.
What do you think of the government's response to the earthquake in South Asia? Is India's economic success sustainable? Will relations with Pakistan improve? Which issues concern you most about India's future?
This debate is now closed. Read a selection of your comments below.
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Ambika Soni, spokesperson for the All India Congress Committee answered your questions in a special edition of Talking Point.
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The following comments reflect the balance of opinion we have received so far:
Vijay Kurhade, India
Indian econmoy is doing fine fo some time and will continue to do so for some more time till infrastructure manages to bear burden of growth; when it collapses systems will collapse and then no one knows what will happen.
Blaming politicians or Corruption is not any solution; biggest Issue is Middle class of India does not vote and for some unbelivable reason they feel there voting or not will not make any difference.
Rich class will not care much as they are in a position to buy all of there needs and they will not care at all as with growing ecenomy there wealth will multiply in same proporton.
Poor class is biggest voterbase; and there needs have not changed much since independance; so they vote to those who promise them Food(let it be worst quality) Work(let it be petty jobs) and Shelter(let it be shanties); and there leaders/representatives manage to fulfill few of promises.
Middle class is the one who needs maximum facilities of good Infrastructure; there demands are no more Food Work and Linen; they have moved to Roads Water and uninterupted Power. Now since this majority class keeps away from Voting; no one in administration and power really worry and care for them as they are of not much use for politicians and system.
Now if and only if Middle Class starts voting; they can see leaders/representatives who understand there requirements and fulfill some of them every election.
Till that happens, do not expect pro development mind sets in Indian politics and administration.
Till then be prepared to see India as a underdeveloped and struggling nation, because in a Democracy people get Government what they Vote for.
Vijay Kurhade, India
Economic growth will force better governance, and better governance will feed more economic growth
SV, NYC, USA I came to the United States from India when I was three and a half. I've visited the country a few times since, and one thing I have noticed is how each and every time I go to India there is tangible economic improvement. It surprises me because the wealth generated is in spite of widespread political corruption, poor infrastructure, red tape at every level of business, sometimes militant labor unions, and inadequate social institutions. It gives an indication of the country's immense potential, and obviously it also presents the long journey to unleash that potential. I believe that as the economy continues to grow and the middle class broadens, the debate for more liberalization and better governance will grow. In effect, I hope economic growth will force better governance, and better governance will feed more economic growth.
SV, NYC, USA
Indian culture is centuries old and is bound-up in caste-oriented thinking. Until the caste system is destroyed (including changing people's last names which designate caste affiliation) there will be little opportunity and justice for the very poor. The "higher" castes will continue to prosper and the lower castes will continue to live in poverty. Percent increases in GDP and average income will reflect the progress of the well off, not the vast numbers of poor.
Michael, California, USA
I think the biggest problem which is holding India back is lack of social infrastructure. India today is a big emerging power in the Information Technology sector thanks to its limited educational system, which is not available to everybody. Still half of the population is unable to read or write. If India wants to really prosper in a healthy way it will have to find ways to distribute the benefits of development evenly in the society. Population can be capital but also a hindrance if not educated, healthy etc.
Rajesh, Ranchi
Corruption is the biggest problem in India. Huge amounts are spent on infrastructure and it will be a mess till there is some accountability. The average person is just trying to survive, they really don't care if the country becomes a superpower or not. My main worries during the day are how long will there be a power outage. How much will the cop extract from me. How many bumps on the road do I have to endure and will there be water in my house tonight. I pay taxes and I don't know where all the money goes, so don't talk of being a superpower. It's just a topic for people to discuss when they drive by me in their air conditioned cars.
Abhi, Pune, India
The superpower status for India is an unwanted title. With all its force and efforts, India still needs to do a lot to improve its rural infrastructure. In the field of education, India is surely a role model with its variety of institutions for studies in many subject fields to show the path for other developing countries.
C Sachidananda Narayanan, Tirunelveli, India
The development and growth pace of India is fast enough. But what we need to be changed is a bit of political structure and almost all the politicians. As I see we are lacking in the leaders from each provinces. We have good leaders on top like our president and prime minister, but what about the other politicians, parliament members and small party leaders? I think we need to have proper rules to be implemented by election commissions, like no mafia/crooks should be allowed. No individual with a single police case.
Parthiv Shah, Baroda, India
The people and communities at large feel that they don't have the ability to make a difference
Juzar Singh Sangha, Bedford It is essential for the general public at large to have faith in social law and government policies and agendas. I would like to see India prosper into a less class driven society whereby the countries wealth is more evenly distributed across its vast population. The people and communities at large feel that they don't have the ability to make a difference, without this cohesive approach I fear that India will not meet its wider objectives.
Juzar Singh Sangha, Bedford
The biggest issue is of poverty and infrastructure, these are the two basic problems which India is facing from the past few decades. When ever we want to represent India, we all give stress on IT, banking and the financial Sector, but I think there are lot more areas which still need our attention. It is true that right now India is the world's youngest nation, but we youngers do promise to ourselves to make India a developed country by 2020.
Vivek Bakshi, Khandwa, India
I don't think India is capable of becoming a super-power any time too soon. We have too many issues - population, corruption, diversity etc and I don't see any of them being taken care off even in the next 20yrs. So right now it's just a dream - but no harm in dreaming.
Silvanus, IL, USA
India has a long way to go when it comes to providing the basic necessities, especially basic education to children. There are over 40% villages in the country where the children are deprived of education. They are either forced to work with their parents, as more hands to work would mean more money to bring home; or there are just not enough schools providing primary education. If the foundation is weak, the collapse of the building is but eventual.
Amit , Jersey City, USA
No doubt India is a fast growing economy, but unless the growth brought forth by the booming industry is channelled towards the majority of the population in rural India, the growth will only serve to create an huge social and economic inequality among the poor and the rich.
B Senthil Priya, Singapore
The real problem of Indian economy is improper administration of the taxing system. Government and fiscal policy makers should be strict on people on who are evading taxes. Economic policy should concentrate more on social welfare.
Sibi Joseph, Manchester, UK
The biggest problem which India faces today is a growing need for infrastructure amidst its growing economy. Corruption and population outburst are two other major concerns. Unfortunately there is a perception in India that people can get away with doing just about anything. Everybody needs to understand that chances of making it to the club of developed nations is bleak with this much of corruption. It's time our political parties act responsibly.
Indraneel Chowhdury, Charlotte, USA/India
India cannot be a super power until the poor can afford food and clean water. A country which cannot handle common mans problem cannot become a super power nor for that matter can be called as a developing country.
Naga Shakelli, New York, USA
It's good to read so much opinion coming from Indians and non-Indians from all corners of the worlds. If recent growth in IT and services exports can create attention in Western superpowers (I am not including Japan here because they usually do not take note of any one not even China), then if India creates a niche exporting manufactured goods, India will definitely become a superpower. Indians (at the government and grassroots level)have to realize that this growth has to be accompanied by elimination of problems plaguing our country, such as illiteracy, poverty, lack of continuing education, healthcare guarantee, lack of equality of genders, HIV/AIDS prevention etc.
BB, CR, Iowa
India has to take more care of the village population who are still struggling to live properly
John Karondukadavil, India, Living in Poland, Jaslo India is the largest democracy but she needs to address the problem of literacy and primary health centres. Often India is pictured as very poor and backward. The reality is that she has natural resources which are not used properly because of corruption. India has to take more care of the village population who are still struggling to live properly.
John Karondukadavil, India, Living in Poland, Jaslo
India's recent development surge is only due to the development in the information technology sector. But for a country to become a superpower it should have a very strong foundation in all aspects which it lacks. One cannot see India as a superpower within 50 years and those who think it will become in 5 years are only dreaming.
Supradeep Narayana, New York, USA
Yes, these are testing times for India. There are numerous hurdles that it has to overcome. But from my perception there are two major things should take place. Basic education and abolishing bribery. These two influence the required factors like communication, infrastructure etc. At least people and political parties have realized the goals and growth. That's the reason the country is moving in a positive direction irrespective of political parties on the helm.
VR Jalli, Singapore
The number of issues concerning every Indian is humungous. We have poor sanitation and the quality of drinking water is bad. There is pollution and economic disparity is widespread and increasing. Literacy is pathetic in some of the northern states but improving handsomely in the southern states. Agriculture is monsoon dependent, which means more than 50% of the Indian population is monsoon dependent. Infrastructure is abysmal and the government is stumbling at every step. India might face the severest of hardships but an average Indian would still be smiling.
Sayeed, Bangalore, India
India currently has the potential to regain its place in history as an influential international economic power, but the question must be asked, "at what cost?" Before India can achieve the aforementioned status, it must improve the situation of those whose voices are not always heard: the poor, the women, and those people that rely on the natural environment for a living. As an American, I see my country's development, historically, as lacking the foresight to pace its development with the condition of its people. This time India can choose to copy the mistakes of the United States in its development, or it can learn from them to ensure that all of its citizens reap the benefits of development.
Rachel, Toledo, USA
India is on a major revolution, economic, social and global impact. While adapting to these dynamics, it is also important to get the basics improved such as infrastructure, hygiene, economic disparity, safety and law, population control which are far below global norms. Or else, the current improvements will fade out soon.
Paresh Shah, India, USA
The major issue for India would always be the amount of corruption. What makes it more dangerous is that it has long been accepted as part of daily life in India. Unfortunately, there is no easy solution for it. For that matter there seems to be no solution for it in distant future. Though its economic progress is encouraging, I am afraid it may someday lead to a large scale social unrest because of resultant divide between haves and have nots.. I also like to think one day we will be global power, who doesn't like to live in some sort of fantasy
Rajakumar Sankula, Ames, IA
My main concern is how India will construct a sustainable and distinct identity that reflects the country's great diversity. I hope India will follow its own road and not simply create a facade resembling Western modernity. Throughout history, India has managed to absorb foreign elements into its culture and express them in its own language; I hope it will not lose this fantastic ability.
Mats , Finland
India can become a superpower if she concentrates on the technology market niche
Devyani Prabhat, Jersey City, USA India can become a superpower if she concentrates on the technology market niche. She should focus on high quality education. If she takes part in the race to the bottom in labour and environment standards to cut costs she may not make it. The key is sustainable growth over a long period and not short term gains.
Devyani Prabhat, Jersey City, USA
Forget the superpower or superstar status. India is fast becoming an ecological disaster. Combine it with new found love for consumerism. I think we are fast losing our respect for our nature unlike our past generations. A simple thing like a walk on the road is sure to increase your toxic levels.
San, Hyderabad
I can see many comments from the people who believe that today's India is at the mercy of USA , UK and other countries since they outsourced the jobs to India. Can someone tell me who outsourced jobs to USA before it become the so called "superpower?" India has potential to become the superpower. It's a matter of time.
Butala, Saudi Arabia
All the above questions are moot, till there is implementation of the law, a comprehensive sense of justice and accountability for actions taken by government officials; which in turn fosters a belief in the law by the average citizen. Till then all these grandiose hopes India has are castles in the air
Cyrus S, Mumbai & Chicago
Everyone is talking about India becoming Super Power, growing economy and economic reforms. What about rural India? One can see the true pictures of India while travelling in the rural Indian villages - no suitable infrastructures, most of the people are illiterates, poverty stricken and deprived of basic needs. A small section of people who live in metropolitan cities are talking about India becoming Super Power and economic growth as usual hypocrisy and we Indians are being pretentious. Remember 72 % of population of India lives in rural areas; we Indians are unable to even manufacture a simple hand calculators.
Radhe Hinda, Arunachal Pradesh, India
The greatest problem in India is corruption and not population
Sunny, Kerala, India
I am concerned about India's future. The greatest problem in India is corruption and not population. The political field has become a real mafia. Political leaders, except a very few, think about accumulating wealth for themselves and their families. Bribing is a commonplace here and very little is being done to check it. When India glories in its "shining" it does not take into account the vast majority of the villagers who live in absolute misery. Indians need to go back to their profound religious traditions and get inspiration from the values which its religions teach.
Sunny, Kerala, India
It truly amazes me that not one opinion among the seventy or so comments mention the status of women in India and Indian women around the world. India still has an appalling status of women record, collectively only relatively better than women in the Middle East and Africa. If talented women, capable women, and women with amazing leadership abilities are not given fair opportunities and treated with more than superficial respect (in families and communities) then India cannot have power of any kind.
How to achieve real superpower? Educate all women, improve their health, remove their economic dependency on men, femininize social programs (so they are more inclusive and compassionate), eliminate their sole identity as wives and mothers, and get more women at the top. Simple and clear, a woman's way.
Meera, Iowa, USA
My greatest worry is that with the march towards a western style lifestyle and no proper waste disposal and management, the entire country is becoming a huge garbage dump. India's premier city Mumbai is already in many parts, one big dump site. Is this the India of the future? There are many fundamental issues to be resolved first. Population control, water and waste management, health care for all etc. are some of the very important issues facing the government and the people. However, populist policies means that these are being glossed over and ignored.
Padma Rao, Antwerp, Belgium
Our politicians are corrupt from top to bottom. They are semi literate and lack a vision. Most of the common people remain poor and are denied almost everything in life. Add to this - communal tension. Even the most educated and qualified people do not seem to break out of the communal/caste based prejudice. There are far too many things that can derail things...
Muddassar Sayed, Pune, India
Of course India have all potentials to become a global power. But the system in the political level in India is not favourable for the nation to become a superpower until unless our politicians are ready to wipe out the poverty of large section of people. As long as the richer become more richest and poorer become poorest, how can this ambition of super power come true
Saji, Calicut/India
The question that faces India today is not how to become a superpower in the earlier sense of the world, but to be a responsible power. The term superpower is probably irrelevant in the modern world where there is less threat from global power blocs, such as the Nato and non-Nato alliances. India has the potential to be a great responsible power, but it really needs to weed out corruption and take all layers of society to prosperity. Indians are a lot more mature and pragmatic than their counterparts in some western 'developed' countries and capable of being a force for good in the world.
Robin Bhowmik, Reading, UK
Being an economic power makes a country a global power. But Indians should keep one thing in mind, and that is that India has to compete with China and from the looks of it now China is deemed to be the winner. But India can move ahead. It has to develop its infrastructure and create an efficient and transparent administration. Communal distrust should be eliminated and so should be right wing parties which encourage it. If these problems can be taken into account and solved then India can definitely join the global power elite.
Umran, Dhaka, Bangladesh
India should not follow Western materialistic culture blindly
Digvijay SmabYal, New Zealand
India should not follow Western Materialistic culture blindly. India should create its own identity in the world and should preserve its own traditional peaceful, non violence spiritual culture. India has vast Vedic knowledge to offer to whole humanity.
Digvijay SmabYal, New Zealand
By offering assistance to the quake affected people of Pakistan, India has definitely made another benevolent gesture towards improving strained relations. However, India seems to have ignored the plight of its citizens in Kashmir who were equally hard hit. Why the double standards?
Kashyap Mothali, India
The population of India has reached a staggering level. It depletes her resources and many of its citizens lack basic needs. It is relevant to say that many of the present ills can be reduced by providing primary education till grade twelve. While India is meeting this objective to some extent it is not enough. A more comprehensive policy with more resources needs to be put in place so every citizen has easy access to an education till grade 12. An educated class at all levels, not confined to the college level only, will help to cure a multitude of social, economic and religious problems. And last but not least, will bring dignity to the common man.
Vibha Dhingra, Winchester, Ma USA
Question for Ms Ambika Soni: Most important issue: Disaster management. Does India have a disaster management team in place that will be well co-ordinated and effective in managing any kind of disaster in any remote village or city - unlike what has happened in Pakistan after the earthquake?
Saha, California, USA
Ms Soni, Is Congress, the Party that introduced economic reforms, going to learn from all the violence that free markets have unleashed on the poor farmers and tribals of India? What does your government plan to do to address the problems of agrarian crisis that has gripped almost the entire country?
Prakash Kashwan, Bloomington, USA
Definitely India will become world's super power
Nagesh Karumanchi, Andhra Pradesh, India
Definitely India will become world's super power. There'll not be any doubt about it, in any aspect. Now India is in the position to help the neighbouring countries. To maintain this pace the Indian politics should invite the young generation and they should work together to remove the corruption which is stopping the real development in India.
Nagesh Karumanchi, Andhra Pradesh, India
It is obvious that the root cause of most of India's problems is population overgrowth. I wonder whether the politicians can realise this fact or not. My straight question is: What are the practical measures the present government has taken to tackle this problem?
Dr. Achyut Kumar, Melbourne
India is emerging as global role model for democracy, education, and knowledge based industry. The only threat to India's march ahead is communal tension between Hindus and Muslims and HIV. These problems need to be tackled properly.
Sandip Aralkar, Pune India
A country's economic growth depends on three major factors. 1) Clean running water, stable electricity supply and good transport system including quality roads and highways. My country lacks all three. Above all corruption should be uprooted from every government department. India got almost all the natural resources, work force, talents. Yet we are one of the poor countries in the world.
Abdul Wahid, Kayalpatnam - India.
India's response to the earthquake has been swift and the offer to coordinate rescue missions with Pakistan is praiseworthy. This may help to diffuse age-old tensions over Kashmir. Her astounding economic successes, especially in the high-tech sector, the film industry, textiles and garment sectors, with the growing presence of foreign businesses explain why India is the second fastest-growing economy in Asia after China. These economic successes are sustainable provided the fruits of all the economic success have meaningful impact on the country's poor and down-trodden.
Pancha Chandra, Brussels; Belgium
Last week's earthquake may change some calculations as far as Kashmir issue is concerned. Hindus were helping Muslims and vice versa. When there is a great harmony between all religions and castes, corruption is at minimal level, unemployment rate is less than 3%, and foreign policy is perfect then India can dream to become a superpower.
Subhash Janardhan Bhore, India/Malaysia
Travelling in India is going to be a nightmare. In road, rail or air. The infrastructre is not enough to support the need. So this is big problem and what is the plan for goverment in this regard?
George , Indian, living in Middle East
India must counter its skills and wage crisis
Pallavi, Sydney, Australia
Although there has been an enormous rise in the educated middle class in India, the number of jobs available to support them is comparatively fewer. This is leading to the brightest of minds leaving India to pursue higher incomes and better lifestyles. As a young Indian brought up in Australia, I have many friends and family who have jobs in many of the top companies in India. However, they are leaving the country for higher wages and better living conditions in Europe, America etc. India must counter its skills and wage crisis before even attempting to take on the role of a superpower
Pallavi, Sydney, Australia
India and Pakistan will continue to posture against one another for their own domestic political reasons, including distracting from endemic poverty and class-based cultures second to none. Atomic bombs and missiles would suggest less than rational governments which appear to have learned nothing from watching the Cold War play out. They should focus on improving the lot of their respective populations by building schools, hospitals, and expanding opportunities for all. The money they currently spend on bombs and missiles should be spend on productive schemes.
Michael, California, USA
I am not sure I'd wish the title "world superpower" on any nation. With that title comes responsibility within one's country and without for the greater good of all peoples.
Penny, USA
Hopefully India will lead the world towards a more humane and tolerant future
Nilesh, Antwerp, Belgium
With the sheer size of the population and the growth it is generating at all levels, there is no doubt that India will eventually be a power to contend with. Its population is also going to remain younger compared to China - where due to one child policy, the aged will dominate the populace after 20 years. So, the burgeoning economy will have a forward momentum in future as well, and certainly would make India a key player on the global stage. While China has used its power to bully and generally disregard world opinion on many humanitarian issues, hopefully India will lead the world towards a more humane and tolerant future.
Nilesh, Antwerp, Belgium
I don't believe that India will become a superpower, however China and the EU are different stories. Both will become superpowers.
Rui M Silva, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
One constant assumption here of comments from most of the people who are not from India is that Indian economic growth is due to "wage difference / outsourcing " - maybe it'll help if they are told that it counts for about $10 billion in the Indian economy of $700 billion
Sundar, USA
India has a lot of room to grow, and will. India's problem however is that it is simply too overpopulated and too many people are dedicated to food production. Agriculture doesn't earn much revenue and prevents people from getting a higher education. Also, India suffers from emigration of the middle class. Anyone who is educated, has the potential to earn money, and contribute tax revenue leaves because they can earn more elsewhere. Indian wages need to increase before they start holding onto their skilled workers and can start importing grain from poorer countries.
Drew, Philadelphia, USA
As an Indian living in India, I feel all this talk about India being a superpower is part hype and part reality. We have a long, long way to go, just to become a power. The problem of corruption, poverty and pathetic infrastructure persists. All successive governments have failed to tackle these issues. Having lived in India all my life I do find a change in the people's mindset, being more positive and confident about the future
Dinesh Nair, Mumbai, India
Increase the prosperity across all segments of population
Vaman, Frederick, MD
As an Indian born American Citizen, I am quite impressed at so many positive feelings about India. The issue is not to become a superpower, but is to increase the prosperity across all segments of population. This is where India needs to concentrate and not worry too much about a super power status.
Vaman, Frederick, MD
Since when was a superpower constructed from call centres? As the standard of living, and hence the wages of Indian people rise, the jobs will move on to other cheaper countries.
Chris, Telford, UK
Most definitely, it is a democratic nation with over 900 million people, there's nothing stopping it. When the economy gets to a size rather like Germany or Britain, and its people start to earn more money, the Indian Treasury will rake in the money which will of course make the country a huge player and may very well overtake the USA. The Europeans MUST get their act together.
Joshua, Farnham, Surrey
India will become a superpower. They have the economy, the labour and resources to be one of the truly great nations of the world. But they should thank the British people for their potential. England gave them democracy, justice and a will to succeed, just as they did for so many countries around the world. My own included.
Bruce, Blackwell, Ok, USA
India needs to take strong and clear cut decisions to emerge as a global player
Nivedita Nadkarni, Madison, USA
It takes more than potential to emerge as a superpower and that is the proper tapping of the potential. One question for Ambika Soni: How can India make any progress, when all of our international policy seems to be centred around pleasing the US? This is with reference to the anti-Iran vote. The Americans got the Indians to do what they want, but will the Americans even "try" to consider India's concerns? India needs to take strong and clear cut decisions to emerge as a global player, not behave like an American subsidiary, which seems to be the Congress policy at the moment.
Nivedita Nadkarni, Madison, USA
The thought behind this question is very western. India should not chase the so called "super-Power" status. We have seen in recent past being superpower does not guarantee happiness/fulfilment of the populace. India by the western definition is a developing country, still it has one of the best education through put in the world. Most people have easy access to affordable healthcare (Remember 50% of Indian population is twice the size of USA in numbers). India has been lowering poverty rate since independence, where our resources of about 15 trillion were taken away. I think as the new generations emerge in India and Pakistan, issues will become irrelevant
CR, USA
India's current success is not just because of outsourcing. I agree that outsourcing has been the catalyst for this growth. India excels in other fields also such as pharmacy, agriculture, industrial and scientific research. India should proceed and improve its defence research. Defence field is not only just for developing missiles and fighter planes, it also provides technology for other fields such as medicine, electronics, agriculture, eg, USA and Israel. As far as the caste system, it will slowly fade away with more and more inter-caste marriages as they are happening right now. If the arrogance is synonym for superpower then I don't India to be superpower. There is a lot of work to be done to reduce economic imbalances. And finally, to our neighbours, you don't respect India because you don't want to.
Sreedhar Nandam, India
India is a country gaining economic ground in the world
Justin, Bristol, UK
You only have to look at the number of British jobs that are sent to India to see that India is a country gaining economic ground in the world. Poverty means nothing. Russia has many impoverished people and Russia was a superpower. One in six people in the world live in India. India is already a nuclear power. India is an emerging superpower and it would be naive to think otherwise.
Justin, Bristol, UK
India needs to clean up its home first. It has potential to become superpower. It will become only if it tries to give up the caste system that is becoming a block. In the process of India becoming superpower, the rich will get richer and poor will become poorer. It will also crumble under pressure of its own population after some time and it will have severe problem of old people after the next generation.
Ajit Nadgouda, Mumbai, India
India has to make a complete break from its socialist and its purported non-aligned past to become a superpower. Investment in Space technology, nanotechnology and the military is just as important as spending on the poor.
V Narayan, Sweden
India as a whole could not cope with such an economic responsibility. They need to sort out the corruption first then form a hierarchy that is strong enough to compete with the other superpowers such as the USA, and Europe. What remains to be seen is how economically India will benefit from assisting Pakistan.
Preeti R Gour, Czech Republic
Considering the ever-widening disparity of current socio-economic levels in the country, India achieving a superpower status is a pipe dream and more importantly of the least concern. Let not this waver our focus on more pressing matters.
Kashyap Mothali, Hyderabad, India
India already is a key player on the world stage. That said their economic power and productivity are limited by overpopulation and stressed physical resources. For that reason, for the foreseeable future only a small/limited percentage of India's population will be able to enjoy a decent standard of living. The current Indian service boom based on cheap labour is not sustainable without a cash cow - just look at the dot com bust to see what happens when the cash cow runs out.
Matt, Bellevue, WA, USA
Indian growth is slow and steady and will continue due to its huge and still emerging market (hopefully it will not be export-import based). As an NRI visiting India every year; the implications of a 6/7% growth were more apparent. I actually saw the 'before' and 'after' for 6 years till returned. Indian economic growth is perhaps the most sustainable, for the current growth is with all its problems, we can only imagine what would happen as the problems are resolved. India's economy is evolving which is irreversible, growth can be lost.
Ketan Khare, Mumbai, India
Indians now have to develop a sense of national pride
Leila, USA
I spent this last summer in India and have been visiting the country, specifically Bangalore (major city for outsourcing) since I was a child. It is clear the increase in money that has come to India, and although it may take time the trickle down effect seems to be working. The cities are looking better, the people are richer. However, Indians now have to develop a sense of national pride and come together to bring their fellow citizens up, they need to break the caste system and instead of suppressing their neighbours they need to help them. Until then India can never be a true super power.
Leila, USA
India's growth is reliant on the continued outsourcing of jobs from the west, simply to save money. As Indians progressively get richer, prices rise, giving way to inflation, and as such wage demands will also increase. The key factor will be how long the firms will hold this out before exporting these jobs again.
Darryl LeCount, Paderborn, Germany
The growth of India like China is directly tied to the United States policy of allowing the free transfer of technology and outsourcing of service and manufacturing. It is in America's and the world's interest to see China and India as free, prosperous, and stable nations but they should beware of becoming smug and confrontational. A rupture of say China with the US resulting in a cut-off of all economic relations would quickly send it reeling back into economic oblivion.
Mark, USA
India that will become a reservoir of knowledge and innovation in the near future
C Sachidananda Narayanan, Tirunelveli, India
Indians rule the roost in the fields of science and technology - particularly in the subject field of Information Technology, space science and microbiology. A new trend in Geological Informatics is catching up now among young people in India. It is for sure that India that will become a reservoir of knowledge and innovation in the near future.
C Sachidananda Narayanan, Tirunelveli, India
Why would any country want to be a superpower? That's not the same thing as a prosperous, innovative and successful country. If India or China or Europe want to be superpowers, they can have it. It's a curse.
Shawn, Washington, DC, USA
India will eventually become a major power simply because they have begun to place a far greater emphasis on education. As they develop, their infrastructure will be the latest but in country where prices will still be low and very competitive. The route to being a successful superpower is not by armed might but by education and a broad knowledge of the views of the rest of the World.
Keith, Rayeligh England
What many people forget is that for much of world history, India and China were the economic/civilizational superpowers of the world. First European colonisation and greed, and then decades of government. mismanagement and corruption have hampered growth. India still has a long way to go, but she has all the potential, including redefining what a superpower is. And the number of people who live in abject poverty in India has fallen to around 350 million. While the naysayers shake their heads, India will plod on in her own way.
K. Srinivasan, Boston, MA
Europe got united after World War II. India and Pakistan should get united after this earthquake disaster. If they are united, all the money spent on defence can be spent for good causes. When this happens, "United India" will be a superpower.
Siva Kumar Narayanasamy, London, UK/Madurai, India
India already is a superpower, both in economic terms and in geo-political terms. That it has lots of poor people is irrelevant.
Mark, London, UK
Any country, outside of the Euro-zone, has the potential of becoming a superpower.
Michael, USA
Once India takes care of its poor and educates the illiterate then it could emerge as a superpower
David Totten, Denny, Scotland
If it does it will be at a cost. Expect pollution, corruption and exploitation of the poor in the race for riches. India won't be any different, than say the UK in the 19th Century.
Martyn Howie, Aberdeen
India has a greedy upper class and the poor will remain poor and the rich will remain rich. Unless and until they don't get rid of bureaucracy they can never become a super power. Its ties with Pakistan will also be short lived, someone just has to mention Kashmir again.
Samien, England
India will never be a superpower, much less a global power
Jonathan, Boston, USA
Not with 800 million people living in abject poverty it won't. It could build a thousand nuclear weapons and pass China up in terms of production of goods. Until the vast majority of its people could be considered "middle class", India will never be a superpower, much less a global power.
Jonathan, Boston, USA
Maybe when it starts spending money on its poor instead of nuclear weapons, space research and other weapons. If it has the money to do this, then it has money to help its poor! I for one will never donate to such countries.
Bruce Fox, Bournemouth, Dorset
India already became a superpower when it developed nuclear missiles.
Sung, London
It's impossible to see how India will not become a superpower. Sooner or later the economic oppression of a country with India's population will have to succeed. Now that the colonial oppressors have been consigned to history it's only a matter of time till the replacement of colonialism (economic oppression) will fail also. China is already well on the way to doing it and India can only follow. Europe, the US and their followers will be backwaters in time to come.
Len, Mandurah, Australia
No. How long before China begins to undercut jobs that have moved from the West to India? Give it two to three years and when calling our banks, we will be speaking to someone in Beijing not Bombay.
Nick, UK
India has had a sharp increase in the estimated number of HIV infections
Sezai, Eskisehir, Turkey
India has had a sharp increase in the estimated number of HIV infections, from a few thousand in the early 1990s to around 5.1 million children and adults living with HIV/AIDS in 2003 and more than 6 million today. If the number of people living with HIV/AIDS increases this fast, the social security system and the economy of India will be affected negatively.
Sezai, Eskisehir, Turkey
India has to be respected by its neighbours to become a superpower. It does not have a peaceful relationship with any of its neighbours. Can India be a responsible nation that is deemed worthy of superpower status? I think it has a way to go yet.
Anwar Khan, Toronto, Canada
The most important factor which is enabling India to achieve such growth is cost. Because wages are a lot lower than other European counties the Indian outsourcing companies can offer the equivalent service a lot cheaper. This will change once the people working for the outsourcing companies start to demand more of the new found wealth coming into the country. All labour starts out cheap but always becomes more costly.
John Fitzgerald, Boston, England
India is well poised to become a world superpower. It is ironical that the huge population that was once considered to be India's biggest liability is now rapidly transforming itself to become India's biggest asset. The fact that India has a young population is a huge bonus. The huge pool of English speaking graduates can further spur the economy. Of course the twin evils of corruption and inequality have to be eliminated before India can take its rightful place in the world.
Sarat Menon, Belgium/India
Indians are doing well in their own country and across the world
Suken Mehta, Mumbai, India
India has the capacity to become a world superpower. Indians are doing well in their own country and across the world. The only thing to come in the way is the politicians. If only they would have concern themselves with political issues - then there is nothing stopping us. India can show the other countries of the world many things and would be a different kind of superpower than the world has seen.
Suken Mehta, Mumbai, India
Successful outsourcing in India is built on the fact that the English language is common to the whole continent. This is not the case in other competing/developing nations like China. Superpower status is just a matter of time provided the problem of infrastructure and corruption is addressed. This is where the challenge really lies.
Rajen Morjaria, Kidgrove, UK
I think India has the potential and surely the opportunities to become a world superpower but what we lack is the attitude and not enough effort to get the masses out of poverty. The booming economy benefits the middle class and the rich. What about 80% of the country that is poor? A superpower should be able to provide economic freedom for all.
Divya Raman, Iowa city, USA
Two third of Indian population live in villages. Unless these villagers are brought above poverty line, offered a decent life, superpower status should not be even discussed.
Om Choudhary, Letchworth, England
India's economic success is built on the sacrifices of previous generations
Shekhar Scindia, Edison, NJ, USA
India's economic success is built on the sacrifices of previous generations, not just economic liberalisation. Even before the economy opened up these generations were quietly laying the foundations for India's future.
Shekhar Scindia, Edison, NJ, USA
I can see India growing to become one of the world's superpowers. A closed economy gave way to liberalisation in the 90's and since then, India has registered a growth rate exceeding 8% every year. In the next 5 years, India is investing heavily in basic infrastructure like energy, roads and railways. A fiercely competitive education system continues to churn out graduates in is millions every year, who can take on the demands of a changing world - be it in service sector or manufacturing. There are many issues which need addressing and some of these will get automatically corrected with better growth rates.
Anil, Herts, UK
India definitely has the potential to become a global superpower within this century. A huge pool of skilled English speaking graduates are key to the required and sustainable growth rates needed. Yet at the same time, the Indian government should pay heed to its critics who point out that social spending, especially in the areas of health and education, as well as the rooting out of corruption and encouraging civic duty are the key platforms behind any real change.
Saj Chakkalakal, UK/India
A good economy and industrial growth, yes, but superpower is asking for too much. With prevalent caste system, complete disconnection between urban and rural lives, pathetic infrastructure, rampant corruption - it's difficult to foresee India as a superpower in the next 50 years. India's focus should be to spread the riches across the nation and among the impoverished rather than eyeing the superpower tag. That means less spending on missiles and defence and more on basic needs of people.
Deep, Calcutta, India
The Indian government needs to address some major issues
Anuj Goel, New York, USA
In order to achieve sustainable economic growth, the Indian government needs to address some major issues. Investment in infrastructure, a consistent and accommodative foreign investment policy, well regulated capital markets, overhaul of the judiciary, reduced inefficiencies in government organisations, and above all, political stability.
Anuj Goel, New York, USA
India SHOULD become a world superpower soon. However, that is not enough, we must adhere to the basic requirements of the hundreds of millions of people both in rural and urban India. Even now, the infrastructure in the capital cities of several states in appalling. I think the Mumbai floods should be a wakeup call for all India.
Akshay Misra, Newcastle, UK/ Dubai, UAE
Just because multinational corporations are flocking to India mainly because of cheap labour does not mean the country will become a superpower. Anyone who visits India can see the overpopulation, extreme poverty, Third World facilities and too many social issues going on. India has a long way to go to catch up with the 21st century and I can't see this happening in our lifetimes, whatever economic analysts may say.
Richard, London, UK
Indians seem to me to be an innovative and industrious people. I am an IT worker and have certainly seen the impact that India has made in this sector (not all of it welcome from my point of view, I have to say!). I am certain that India will attain even greater influence in the global economy that it has now, but I suspect that the gap between the 'haves' and 'have nots' in India will widen rather than diminish.
Rob Lovett, Swindon, Wiltshire
India has a serious problem with the spread of AIDS
Nicola, Scotland
India has a serious problem with the spread of AIDS, which at the moment is crippling Africa's economy. Facing this should be a priority or it will destroy any chances future generations have to prosper to become a global player.
Nicola, Scotland
India is an extremely large country with a huge population, Its education standards vary from illiterate to rocket scientists and brain surgeons. Its personal wealth varies from absolute poverty to incredibly rich. It has a huge agricultural base and a solid, growing industrial and electronics industry. Sound familiar? Just look at the US.
Michael, Lincoln, England
India's economic progress in recent years has been remarkable, but patchy. Progression from this early phase of development will require very substantial investment in national infrastructure. Without this, the path to growth and prosperity will be choked off and the benefits will never filter down to the bulk of the population. If India is to invest in its own infrastructure, then that same burgeoning middle class will have to pay its taxes. Tax collection is pitifully low and evasion the normal state of affairs. India's growth will ultimately depend on its ability to foster a sense of civic responsibility.
David, UK (frequently in India)
The definition of a superpower is open to debate. As India grows, she must bring with her a rising tide that will lift the poor from their misery. That in essence, is a real superpower.
Karthik Dinakar, Bangalore
While India's economic growth is encouraging, its sustainability is doubtful
Sigismond Wilson, Sierra Leonean in Michigan, USA
India's economic growth is mainly the result of "outsourcing" of hi-tech, telecommunications and other services from the West, particularly the US. This is mainly due to the availability of professional technical skills at cheaper cost. While India's economic growth is encouraging, its sustainability is doubtful as the growth of hi-tech industries in other developing countries (especially China) could, over time, serve as a major destination of "outsourcing" which could have a negative effect on India's economy.
Sigismond Wilson, Sierra Leonean in Michigan, USA
If India can overcome the strict caste system and allow "common" people to advance in leadership positions, then we can become a superpower. The elitists think a poor person cannot overcome his situation to run companies or take up government positions. I have lived in the US for 10 years now and see why the US is such a superpower. Everyone is in a position to advance, not because they were born wealthy, but because they are (usually) the best person for the job. There is a very powerful culture of entrepreneurship in the US that India can learn from.
Japjit, San Francisco, California
An increasing number of multi-national corporations are flocking to India to tap into the one-billion strong consumer market, and to take advantage of a very well educated middle class that costs a fraction of educated workforces in other countries. With the resulting inflow of foreign capital combined with expanding domestic corporate and consumer credit markets, India is well on the path to robust economic growth over the next decade. The biggest challenge to India's global economic prominence is undoubtedly the Indian government. In order to truly harness existing and future opportunities, the government needs to address some major issues - investment in infrastructure, a consistent and accommodative foreign investment policy, reduced inefficiencies in government organizations, and above all, political stability.
Anuj Goel, New York, USA
While India's economy is indeed becoming stronger the sad fact remains that a vast majority of the population (especially those at the lower end of the caste system) still live in extreme poverty.
Satish Patel Gujaarati, Indian, but living in UK
The Fate of Mankind
Is the World Heading Towards War or Peace?- by TA Ramesh
New Society/ New NationDuring the Cold War period the capitalist America and the communist Russia had divided the world into two by supporting the countries under their umbrellas politically, economically and militarily. The countries that were not lured by the policies of the two Super Powers either remained neutral or non-aligned. Within a period of 20-30 years the capitalist countries like France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, etc. recovered from the terrific devastations of the second World War and developed technologically, economically, socially, politically, etc. far beyond all expectations making the notion that the capitalist route would lead only to gloom a farce!
And the countries like China, North Korea, Cuba, Romania, Albania, and Czechoslovakia, etc including the Union of Soviet Socialist Russia, the leader of communism that followed the path of communism retarded much economically, technologically, socially, politically, etc. except in military developments to pieces the most cherished aim of building a new society and a new nation that would be the envy of the world in all round developments in all respects with the ideal of communism/ socialism! In reality the capitalist countries progressed much, the communist countries retarded far below any expectation without any relief or respite and the neutral or non-aligned countries neither progressed nor retarded much.
The Cause for the Ascent of Capitalism and the Downfall of Communism of the World
The champion of Non-Violence, Mahatma Gandhi said that if you aim for a good end the means you follow to achieve it should also be good; i.e. if your means is good your end will also be good and so, if your means is bad your end will also be bad. This is a Universal fact which is happening everywhere even today. The communist countries that wanted to achieve a socialistic society in the world embraced dictatorship rule but failed miserably. On the other hand the capitalist countries that embraced democracy met with full success!
Iron Curtain
Behind the iron curtain motivated by the dry slogan that “from each according to his capacity and to each according to his need” Soviet Union and other communist countries made their people to do duties without any liberty or rights for more than half a century and the workers of the USSR later knowing the lies of the authority pretended to do work as they were pretended to be paid! As everything was going on in isolation, exchanges of new ideas were not possible and as a result developments in technologies were not possible. As religion, literature, history, culture, etc. were not encouraged except science and technology and economically productive activities only, free thoughts and creative activities were not possible and the progress of the society was also not possible there. As the route they were following was crude, difficult and obsolete, there was no quality in their workmanship and products; they could not increase the quantity of their products and the variety of their products was also very, very less.
Transparency
On the other hand the capitalist countries within a short period met with success in achieving all round developments in all fields because of their freedom of thought, expression, openness, creativity, innovation, incentives and entrepreneurship qualities of the individuals. Because of openness and transparency of their activities, free exchanges of ideas in the fields of science and technology were easily possible among them. Their road to developments in all fields was naturally easy and free. Working people were encouraged with incentives and the quantity of the products increased. The creative and the inventive activities of enterprising individuals were taken care of and given a free hand to show their best in the fields they were interested.
A variety of new articles, things, etc. were introduced in the open market and because of wide reception and skilful workmanship of the employees, the quality of the goods improved very much. As their ideology is not rigid unlike the socialist countries, new methods were adopted according to the changing times and efficiency in the work due to healthy competition and rapid production due to large scale mechanization everywhere led to quick economic growth in all the Western countries including Japan, South Korea, etc. in the East. Not only that, activities in arts and literature also improved and increased due to freedom of thought and expression which improved social thinking and the standard of living of the people there.
Historical Changes after 1980
Glasnost and Perestroika
Many changes have occurred in the 80s and 90s. The greatness of history lies in the hands of great men whose decisions decide about the fate of mankind. One such historical leader who cannot be forgotten today is Mikhail Gorbachev of Russia. Mainly due to his policies such as “glasnost” and “perestroika” many unprecedented changes have taken place in the world since 1987 onwards.
He wanted Russia also to develop like the capitalist countries in all respects so that his country could move freely with the countries of the west as far as trade, tourism, friendship and cultural activities were concerned. For that the iron curtain had to be removed everywhere. To do so, as an antidote, he advocated the policy of glasnost or openness for his government.
Failure of Socialism
Gorbachev felt communism should have been experimented in the village level rather than in the national or federal level and that was why it had failed. He was well aware of the bureaucratic jingoism under the guise of socialism in his country. Because of his statement like utterances and broad minded attitude he became a critic of economic machine that alarmed and confused the bureaucracy that controlled the steering wheel of the Soviet Union. Socialism totally failed because it nurtured an oppressive and repressive bureaucratic and political structure. So to change this trend as an antidote, he prescribed his famous perestroika or restructuring or reform for his country.
Free Market Economy
Then Gorbachev recommended free market oriented economy as the best solution to rectify the worst condition of his country’s economy. The economic remedies he prescribed were 1. encouragement of privatization instead of nationalization, 2. allowing freedom and rights to his country men and 3. democratization of his government as in the west instead of dictatorship of the proletariat.
Internal Reforms
Those were Gorbachev’s main internal reforms of Russia. To execute those reform measures, he felt it was a must to cut defense expenditures to a great extent. For that he suggested that the best course would be 1. banning of Arms production, 2. withdrawal of Soviet troops from abroad and 3. stopping of Cold War with USA once and for all.
Détente and Common European Home
By executing those plans he thought of establishing détente between East and West in Europe; two objectives needed to create One Europe were banishing of war from the continent and laying firm foundation for democracy. Later on his most cherished dream of common European Hone for Russia he decided to achieve. To effect that he was even prepared to dismantle Warsaw Pact Treaty Organization and join North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
But What happened Next?
Russian troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan, East European countries and other parts of the world.
The then political form of govt. was changed to democratic form of govt. in Russia.
The summit meeting between USSR and USA was held to stop further Nuclear Arms Production and a treaty was signed between them for the reduction of Arms positioned at various strategic points of the world.
To implement that agreement at stages the installed antiballistic missiles at the strategic points in Europe and other parts of the world were dismantled.
The constituent States of Soviet Union such as Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Mondovia, Georgia, etc. started for national independence and once and for all dismantled themselves from the clutches of the Soviet Union.
European Union
In the world politics Europe has come to the centre stage. Everyone was eagerly expecting the formation of European Union at that time. As far as culture, literature, religion and civilization are concerned there is not much difference between one state and other state in Europe. There is much cooperation and coordination in all the fields because of their similarity of attitudes in many matters. The West Europe is economically and technologically far developed when compared with their counter part, the East Europe. Slight language differences are there. That is all. Already the European Council, the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice and other institutions are there that are providing necessary checks and balances and due to this European consciousness has developed to such an extent that Europeans are ready to forego their national sovereignty or national identity in the formation of European Union.
In 1990 the unification of West Germany and East Germany into one Germany after pulling down the Wall of Berlin has increased European consciousness very much. The member countries of the European Union such as Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Great Britain met very often to discuss about the ways and means by which the European Union could be effectively established.
Common Currency and Defense
Among the West European countries there are tremendous potentialities for trade, tourism, sports and resorts activities that are boosting their economy from strength to strength. Due to such activities there were foreign exchange problems as the currencies differed from one country to another country. There might also be contraband, smuggling and drug trafficking activities, subversive and sabotage activities along the border areas of those countries. To solve those problems and make West Europe a giant economic power of the West, common currency, Euro and security force have been introduced under the European Union and a long cherished dream has been realized since 1999.
Democracy in Russia
The communist regime was pulled down along with the statues of Marx and Lenin in Russia. The communist hardliners tried to take over the leadership of the country by kidnapping Gorbachev to keep in darkness as was done to Kurtchev once. But Gorbachov was rescued by Boris Yeltsin, a Democratic Party leader, who then became the President of Russia after the democratic form of govt. with parliament was established there.
Problem of Peace
The problem of international peace still remains to be solved. The peculiar doubts, suspicion, mistrust and fear of some of the countries like China, Israel and France make it impossible to bring about peace in the world even in the future. Because of their particular humiliating experiences of the past, these countries want to be self-reliant as far as military is concerned so that they can face any eventuality independently and safeguard their sovereignty and identity in the world. Therefore the threat to world peace due to the stock piling of Nuclear Weapons and terrorism of various bases such as racism, ethnicity, religious fundamentalism, etc. looms large. Perhaps unless some statesmen like Gorbachev appear in the countries like Libya, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, etc. the present critical situation cannot be changed and total peace cannot be achieved in the world.
China
Due to the past humiliating experiences at the hands of Manchuria and Japan, China wanted to become strong both militarily and economically and so, started since 1950 onwards to produce Atomic Bombs and enrich its economy through communist route. It is still a developing country. But even after the cold war, it is regularly testing Atomic Bombs under the ground without a stop and this poses a great threat to the surrounding countries like Mongolia, Taiwan, etc. even though Russia, Japan and America have normalized their relationships with China.
France
Due to the historical rivalry between France and Britain and the unforgettably humiliating devastation it had suffered in the hands of Germany in the Second World War, France wanted to be strong, great and independent in the world. So, France too started producing Atomic Bombs without a stop since the Second World War. Even though its economy has developed now and it has good relationships with Russia, China, Britain, Germany and other countries independently, France does not want to become one of the many followers of USA in the international politics and so, it strengthens its army by modernization process even though the Cold War has come to an end. After the formation of the European Union France has become a key player in the affairs of Europe now.
NPT
Towards establishing an enduring peace in the world America is trying to stop the production of Nuclear Weapons in all the countries. Especially it is insisting all the developing countries like North Korea, Pakistan, India, etc. to strictly follow the guide lines of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It wants to bring all the countries within non-proliferation regime. But India says that if the NPT is to be genuine, all the countries including the Super Powers or the big five should destroy and stop production of Nuclear Weapons once and for all and only when there is an affirmation for this act from all countries, it will sign the NPT without any hesitation. Otherwise, as the Cold War has stopped and under the cover of the United Nations as USA is taking a dominating role in wars against a common enemy like Iraq, etc. there are a lot of chances for America to become a permanent world police, which will not be liked by countries like France, India and China.
Pollution
Another threat that affects the existence of mankind is the nuclear radiation polluting the environment. In 1986 a Russian Nuclear Power plant at Chernobyl endangered the lives there because of leakage in it resulted in a very big radiation problem. Before that in 1977 in Small Island in USA in a Nuclear Power station leakage was rectified before radiation hazard affected the area there. In many countries all over the world Nuclear Power stations are built to produce power necessary for industries and for commercial purposes. Unless such Nuclear Power plants are not properly safeguarded they would become a big problem threatening the very existence of the world in the future!
The Fate of Mankind
Nuclear Weapons in the hands of Terrorists
In one way it seems that the fate of mankind is in the hands of the Islamic Countries like Libya, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, etc., China, Israel and North Korea. It looks quite grim and horrible if we imagine a little about what will happen if the Nuclear Weapons are in the hands of the terrorists, especially with the Islamic Countries, Israel and North Korea. Certainly it will produce night mare to anyone; or everyone should be prepared to die if a great Nuclear War breaks out in the world. Therefore the solution will be that care must be taken to stop the production of Atomic Bombs or arrest the capability to produce such arsenals whichever be the country by the united efforts of all the peace loving countries in the world.
Islamic Brotherhood
Already both for good and bad the feeling of Islamic brotherhood has united the Muslim countries into one. But their culture, faith and thoughts are not in accordance with the modern world trend, Eastern culture and Western civilization. Though other religions of the world have under gone a lot of changes and made reforms, only Islamic religion has not met with such changes and made reforms that keep Muslim people separate from other community peoples everywhere. This trend must be changed with realization by themselves or otherwise so that they would avert animosities and enmities among themselves and with others. Instead because of their dislike towards western culture, especially American domination, strength and technological advancements they in Iran, Iraq, etc. raise hot slogans and are even ready to manufacture Islamic Bombs to fight against their common enemy if possible and the necessity arises at anytime in the future!
World War III
If the Afghanistan extremists belonging to the Taliban group again take control of the full country and if a nexus between them and the neighboring Islamic countries like Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, etc. develops on the basis of a Holy War for the faith called Jihad as said in Koran fructifying in the minds of the hard core Islamic fundamentalists, there is every chance for a Religious War occurring in Africa, Europe and Asia leading to a Third World War between Muslims, Christians and other religious people of the world in the near future. This has to be carefully noted by all the leaders of the world controlling the world affairs in a peaceful way and checks have to be made on the subversive activities of the religious perverts now itself so that the Future World War can be thwarted in the beginning stage itself.
Conversion to Communism against World State
Another danger is if the union among China, North Korea and Cuba develops on the basis of promoting communism in the world and thereby they happen to produce Atomic Bombs for that purpose they could use them in war with neighboring capitalist countries leading to chaos and unwanted developments on a large scale in the world which will not be in the interest of the modern thinkers of the World Union or World State for the future well being of the world people. Therefore this kind of activity also needs checks now.
Best Course of Action
The best course of action for solving the problems of the world lies in the creation of One World so that peace and prosperity can be achieved for all. For that the States of world where dictatorship rule or communist form of govt. prevails have to be democratized. To stop the future wars, the attention of the countries should be diverted towards solving the greater problems like pollution of environment and exploitation of natural resources and should be directed towards eradicating diseases like cancer, diabetes, AIDS and skin and eye diseases caused by the ultra violet rays of the sun through the Hole in the atmosphere due to air pollution by industrial smokes, etc. Further joint programs of Space exploration by USA, Russia, Europe, India, Japan, etc. can be planned and implemented in an organized way if the World State is created.
The probable moves for the creation of One World State could then be:
1. the idea of One Europe should be achieved;
2. next the Russian dream of One European Home can be achieved by uniting One Europe with Asia; and
3. if such an effort is extended to other countries of the world with the initiation of USA and UNO, World Union can very well be achieved soon!
New Society/ New NationDuring the Cold War period the capitalist America and the communist Russia had divided the world into two by supporting the countries under their umbrellas politically, economically and militarily. The countries that were not lured by the policies of the two Super Powers either remained neutral or non-aligned. Within a period of 20-30 years the capitalist countries like France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, etc. recovered from the terrific devastations of the second World War and developed technologically, economically, socially, politically, etc. far beyond all expectations making the notion that the capitalist route would lead only to gloom a farce!
And the countries like China, North Korea, Cuba, Romania, Albania, and Czechoslovakia, etc including the Union of Soviet Socialist Russia, the leader of communism that followed the path of communism retarded much economically, technologically, socially, politically, etc. except in military developments to pieces the most cherished aim of building a new society and a new nation that would be the envy of the world in all round developments in all respects with the ideal of communism/ socialism! In reality the capitalist countries progressed much, the communist countries retarded far below any expectation without any relief or respite and the neutral or non-aligned countries neither progressed nor retarded much.
The Cause for the Ascent of Capitalism and the Downfall of Communism of the World
The champion of Non-Violence, Mahatma Gandhi said that if you aim for a good end the means you follow to achieve it should also be good; i.e. if your means is good your end will also be good and so, if your means is bad your end will also be bad. This is a Universal fact which is happening everywhere even today. The communist countries that wanted to achieve a socialistic society in the world embraced dictatorship rule but failed miserably. On the other hand the capitalist countries that embraced democracy met with full success!
Iron Curtain
Behind the iron curtain motivated by the dry slogan that “from each according to his capacity and to each according to his need” Soviet Union and other communist countries made their people to do duties without any liberty or rights for more than half a century and the workers of the USSR later knowing the lies of the authority pretended to do work as they were pretended to be paid! As everything was going on in isolation, exchanges of new ideas were not possible and as a result developments in technologies were not possible. As religion, literature, history, culture, etc. were not encouraged except science and technology and economically productive activities only, free thoughts and creative activities were not possible and the progress of the society was also not possible there. As the route they were following was crude, difficult and obsolete, there was no quality in their workmanship and products; they could not increase the quantity of their products and the variety of their products was also very, very less.
Transparency
On the other hand the capitalist countries within a short period met with success in achieving all round developments in all fields because of their freedom of thought, expression, openness, creativity, innovation, incentives and entrepreneurship qualities of the individuals. Because of openness and transparency of their activities, free exchanges of ideas in the fields of science and technology were easily possible among them. Their road to developments in all fields was naturally easy and free. Working people were encouraged with incentives and the quantity of the products increased. The creative and the inventive activities of enterprising individuals were taken care of and given a free hand to show their best in the fields they were interested.
A variety of new articles, things, etc. were introduced in the open market and because of wide reception and skilful workmanship of the employees, the quality of the goods improved very much. As their ideology is not rigid unlike the socialist countries, new methods were adopted according to the changing times and efficiency in the work due to healthy competition and rapid production due to large scale mechanization everywhere led to quick economic growth in all the Western countries including Japan, South Korea, etc. in the East. Not only that, activities in arts and literature also improved and increased due to freedom of thought and expression which improved social thinking and the standard of living of the people there.
Historical Changes after 1980
Glasnost and Perestroika
Many changes have occurred in the 80s and 90s. The greatness of history lies in the hands of great men whose decisions decide about the fate of mankind. One such historical leader who cannot be forgotten today is Mikhail Gorbachev of Russia. Mainly due to his policies such as “glasnost” and “perestroika” many unprecedented changes have taken place in the world since 1987 onwards.
He wanted Russia also to develop like the capitalist countries in all respects so that his country could move freely with the countries of the west as far as trade, tourism, friendship and cultural activities were concerned. For that the iron curtain had to be removed everywhere. To do so, as an antidote, he advocated the policy of glasnost or openness for his government.
Failure of Socialism
Gorbachev felt communism should have been experimented in the village level rather than in the national or federal level and that was why it had failed. He was well aware of the bureaucratic jingoism under the guise of socialism in his country. Because of his statement like utterances and broad minded attitude he became a critic of economic machine that alarmed and confused the bureaucracy that controlled the steering wheel of the Soviet Union. Socialism totally failed because it nurtured an oppressive and repressive bureaucratic and political structure. So to change this trend as an antidote, he prescribed his famous perestroika or restructuring or reform for his country.
Free Market Economy
Then Gorbachev recommended free market oriented economy as the best solution to rectify the worst condition of his country’s economy. The economic remedies he prescribed were 1. encouragement of privatization instead of nationalization, 2. allowing freedom and rights to his country men and 3. democratization of his government as in the west instead of dictatorship of the proletariat.
Internal Reforms
Those were Gorbachev’s main internal reforms of Russia. To execute those reform measures, he felt it was a must to cut defense expenditures to a great extent. For that he suggested that the best course would be 1. banning of Arms production, 2. withdrawal of Soviet troops from abroad and 3. stopping of Cold War with USA once and for all.
Détente and Common European Home
By executing those plans he thought of establishing détente between East and West in Europe; two objectives needed to create One Europe were banishing of war from the continent and laying firm foundation for democracy. Later on his most cherished dream of common European Hone for Russia he decided to achieve. To effect that he was even prepared to dismantle Warsaw Pact Treaty Organization and join North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
But What happened Next?
Russian troops were withdrawn from Afghanistan, East European countries and other parts of the world.
The then political form of govt. was changed to democratic form of govt. in Russia.
The summit meeting between USSR and USA was held to stop further Nuclear Arms Production and a treaty was signed between them for the reduction of Arms positioned at various strategic points of the world.
To implement that agreement at stages the installed antiballistic missiles at the strategic points in Europe and other parts of the world were dismantled.
The constituent States of Soviet Union such as Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Mondovia, Georgia, etc. started for national independence and once and for all dismantled themselves from the clutches of the Soviet Union.
European Union
In the world politics Europe has come to the centre stage. Everyone was eagerly expecting the formation of European Union at that time. As far as culture, literature, religion and civilization are concerned there is not much difference between one state and other state in Europe. There is much cooperation and coordination in all the fields because of their similarity of attitudes in many matters. The West Europe is economically and technologically far developed when compared with their counter part, the East Europe. Slight language differences are there. That is all. Already the European Council, the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European Court of Justice and other institutions are there that are providing necessary checks and balances and due to this European consciousness has developed to such an extent that Europeans are ready to forego their national sovereignty or national identity in the formation of European Union.
In 1990 the unification of West Germany and East Germany into one Germany after pulling down the Wall of Berlin has increased European consciousness very much. The member countries of the European Union such as Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Great Britain met very often to discuss about the ways and means by which the European Union could be effectively established.
Common Currency and Defense
Among the West European countries there are tremendous potentialities for trade, tourism, sports and resorts activities that are boosting their economy from strength to strength. Due to such activities there were foreign exchange problems as the currencies differed from one country to another country. There might also be contraband, smuggling and drug trafficking activities, subversive and sabotage activities along the border areas of those countries. To solve those problems and make West Europe a giant economic power of the West, common currency, Euro and security force have been introduced under the European Union and a long cherished dream has been realized since 1999.
Democracy in Russia
The communist regime was pulled down along with the statues of Marx and Lenin in Russia. The communist hardliners tried to take over the leadership of the country by kidnapping Gorbachev to keep in darkness as was done to Kurtchev once. But Gorbachov was rescued by Boris Yeltsin, a Democratic Party leader, who then became the President of Russia after the democratic form of govt. with parliament was established there.
Problem of Peace
The problem of international peace still remains to be solved. The peculiar doubts, suspicion, mistrust and fear of some of the countries like China, Israel and France make it impossible to bring about peace in the world even in the future. Because of their particular humiliating experiences of the past, these countries want to be self-reliant as far as military is concerned so that they can face any eventuality independently and safeguard their sovereignty and identity in the world. Therefore the threat to world peace due to the stock piling of Nuclear Weapons and terrorism of various bases such as racism, ethnicity, religious fundamentalism, etc. looms large. Perhaps unless some statesmen like Gorbachev appear in the countries like Libya, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, etc. the present critical situation cannot be changed and total peace cannot be achieved in the world.
China
Due to the past humiliating experiences at the hands of Manchuria and Japan, China wanted to become strong both militarily and economically and so, started since 1950 onwards to produce Atomic Bombs and enrich its economy through communist route. It is still a developing country. But even after the cold war, it is regularly testing Atomic Bombs under the ground without a stop and this poses a great threat to the surrounding countries like Mongolia, Taiwan, etc. even though Russia, Japan and America have normalized their relationships with China.
France
Due to the historical rivalry between France and Britain and the unforgettably humiliating devastation it had suffered in the hands of Germany in the Second World War, France wanted to be strong, great and independent in the world. So, France too started producing Atomic Bombs without a stop since the Second World War. Even though its economy has developed now and it has good relationships with Russia, China, Britain, Germany and other countries independently, France does not want to become one of the many followers of USA in the international politics and so, it strengthens its army by modernization process even though the Cold War has come to an end. After the formation of the European Union France has become a key player in the affairs of Europe now.
NPT
Towards establishing an enduring peace in the world America is trying to stop the production of Nuclear Weapons in all the countries. Especially it is insisting all the developing countries like North Korea, Pakistan, India, etc. to strictly follow the guide lines of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. It wants to bring all the countries within non-proliferation regime. But India says that if the NPT is to be genuine, all the countries including the Super Powers or the big five should destroy and stop production of Nuclear Weapons once and for all and only when there is an affirmation for this act from all countries, it will sign the NPT without any hesitation. Otherwise, as the Cold War has stopped and under the cover of the United Nations as USA is taking a dominating role in wars against a common enemy like Iraq, etc. there are a lot of chances for America to become a permanent world police, which will not be liked by countries like France, India and China.
Pollution
Another threat that affects the existence of mankind is the nuclear radiation polluting the environment. In 1986 a Russian Nuclear Power plant at Chernobyl endangered the lives there because of leakage in it resulted in a very big radiation problem. Before that in 1977 in Small Island in USA in a Nuclear Power station leakage was rectified before radiation hazard affected the area there. In many countries all over the world Nuclear Power stations are built to produce power necessary for industries and for commercial purposes. Unless such Nuclear Power plants are not properly safeguarded they would become a big problem threatening the very existence of the world in the future!
The Fate of Mankind
Nuclear Weapons in the hands of Terrorists
In one way it seems that the fate of mankind is in the hands of the Islamic Countries like Libya, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, etc., China, Israel and North Korea. It looks quite grim and horrible if we imagine a little about what will happen if the Nuclear Weapons are in the hands of the terrorists, especially with the Islamic Countries, Israel and North Korea. Certainly it will produce night mare to anyone; or everyone should be prepared to die if a great Nuclear War breaks out in the world. Therefore the solution will be that care must be taken to stop the production of Atomic Bombs or arrest the capability to produce such arsenals whichever be the country by the united efforts of all the peace loving countries in the world.
Islamic Brotherhood
Already both for good and bad the feeling of Islamic brotherhood has united the Muslim countries into one. But their culture, faith and thoughts are not in accordance with the modern world trend, Eastern culture and Western civilization. Though other religions of the world have under gone a lot of changes and made reforms, only Islamic religion has not met with such changes and made reforms that keep Muslim people separate from other community peoples everywhere. This trend must be changed with realization by themselves or otherwise so that they would avert animosities and enmities among themselves and with others. Instead because of their dislike towards western culture, especially American domination, strength and technological advancements they in Iran, Iraq, etc. raise hot slogans and are even ready to manufacture Islamic Bombs to fight against their common enemy if possible and the necessity arises at anytime in the future!
World War III
If the Afghanistan extremists belonging to the Taliban group again take control of the full country and if a nexus between them and the neighboring Islamic countries like Pakistan, Iran, Iraq, etc. develops on the basis of a Holy War for the faith called Jihad as said in Koran fructifying in the minds of the hard core Islamic fundamentalists, there is every chance for a Religious War occurring in Africa, Europe and Asia leading to a Third World War between Muslims, Christians and other religious people of the world in the near future. This has to be carefully noted by all the leaders of the world controlling the world affairs in a peaceful way and checks have to be made on the subversive activities of the religious perverts now itself so that the Future World War can be thwarted in the beginning stage itself.
Conversion to Communism against World State
Another danger is if the union among China, North Korea and Cuba develops on the basis of promoting communism in the world and thereby they happen to produce Atomic Bombs for that purpose they could use them in war with neighboring capitalist countries leading to chaos and unwanted developments on a large scale in the world which will not be in the interest of the modern thinkers of the World Union or World State for the future well being of the world people. Therefore this kind of activity also needs checks now.
Best Course of Action
The best course of action for solving the problems of the world lies in the creation of One World so that peace and prosperity can be achieved for all. For that the States of world where dictatorship rule or communist form of govt. prevails have to be democratized. To stop the future wars, the attention of the countries should be diverted towards solving the greater problems like pollution of environment and exploitation of natural resources and should be directed towards eradicating diseases like cancer, diabetes, AIDS and skin and eye diseases caused by the ultra violet rays of the sun through the Hole in the atmosphere due to air pollution by industrial smokes, etc. Further joint programs of Space exploration by USA, Russia, Europe, India, Japan, etc. can be planned and implemented in an organized way if the World State is created.
The probable moves for the creation of One World State could then be:
1. the idea of One Europe should be achieved;
2. next the Russian dream of One European Home can be achieved by uniting One Europe with Asia; and
3. if such an effort is extended to other countries of the world with the initiation of USA and UNO, World Union can very well be achieved soon!
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